Geochronology of the Tumpangpitu Porphyry Au-Cu-Mo and High-Sulfidation Epithermal Au-Ag-Cu Deposit: Evidence for Pre- and Postmineralization Diatremes in the Tujuh Bukit District, Southeast Java, Indonesia

Harrison, Rachel L.; Maryono, A; Norris, Malcolm S.; Rohrlach, Bruce D.; Cooke, David R.; Thompson, Jay; Creaser, Robert A.; Thiede, David S.

doi:10.5382/econgeo.2018.4547

Cited by 31 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 58 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…High sulfidation epithermal mineralization occurs in volcanic and volcanic rocks. There are 3 mineralization domains, namely zone A, zone B, and zone C (Figure 16) (Myaing et al, 2018) High-and intermediate-sulfidation Au-Ag±Cu is associated with advanced argillic alteration (part of the lithocap) overprinted by porphyry mineralization (Harrison et al, 2018). In Landsat 8 image processing, there is a bias of data with a high value in residential areas characterized by tight intensity and forming a pattern of human land-use.…”

Section: Results and Discussion Alteration Mineral Mappingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is high sulfidation mineralization that is formed directly from the condensation of magmatic gas in Ijen Crater (Scher, 2013). Meanwhile, the Merubetiri Mountains are a Tertiary volcanic remnant complex with a fossil hydrothermal system that has been proven by the discovery of epithermal and porphyry mineralization in Tumpangpitu (Harrison et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Study of Active and Fossil Hydrothermal Systems in Ijen Caldera Complex and Merubetiri Mountains, East Java

Susetyono¹,

Setijadji²

2021

IJEG

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ore deposits formed at subduction zone are associated with magmatism activities that are represented by volcanic activities at the surface. In the Eastern Sunda Arc, one of active volcanic activity can be found in Ijen Caldera Complex. The complex has hydrothermal volcanic manifestations with a very acidic pH. Meanwhile in the south of Ijen Complex, there is ancient volcanic complex called Merubetiri Mountains that is proven to be well-mineralized at Tumpangpitu as high sulfidation and porphyry-style mineralizations. An understanding of hydrothermal activity and volcanic landforms in active volcanic systems can be used as a powerful tool to understanding hydrothermal systems. This paper presents the distinction between active hydrothermal systems and fossil hydrothermal systems as an exploration’s tool in ancient volcanic systems. The method used in this study is remote sensing with focus on volcanic landforms, geological structures, and distribution of alteration minerals. ASTER satellite imagery, Landsat 8 satellite imagery, and DEMNAS are used in this study. ASTER and Landsat 8 images are processed with Principle Component Analysis (PCA) and Direct Principle Component (DPC) methods to determine the distribution of alteration minerals that are associated with propylithic, argillic, advanced argillic, and silisic alterations. Semi-quantitative method is used to identify geological structures by automatic lineament detection. Meanwhile, qualitative method is used by manual lineaments delineation on the DEM imagery. Delineations of volcanic landforms in active and ancient volcanic complex use semi-quantitative methods include ridge lineaments and flow pattern. Then, volcanic landform is manually delineated by determining the distribution pattern of ridges, flow pattern, morphological texture, and cross-cutting relationship of volcanic products as a key in determine the eruption centers. The results show a relationship between volcanic distribution and the main stresses in the Ijen Caldera Complex with NE-SW direction, which is represented by the elliptic and elongation of volcanic depression zone, monogenetic volcano, and intrusion distribution. Geological structures that are found in the Ijen Caldera Complex show E-W and NE-SW directions. Meanwhile, Merubetiri complex shows E-W, NW-SE, and N-S structural direction patterns. The distribution of alteration minerals associated with silisic, argillic, and advance argillic in the Ijen Caldera Complex are found in the central zone of stratovolcano, intra-caldera zone, and structural zone that intersects the caldera. This shows that active hydrothermal system is related to volcanic activity and geological structures. Meanwhile, in the Merubetiri complex, alteration minerals are associated with the eruption centers, diorite/granodiorite intrusions, and NW-SE strike slip fault. The understandings of volcanic setting and volcanic landforms are very important in the early stages of exploration to determine the prospect of mineral deposits related to hydrothermal system.

show abstract

Section: Results and Discussion Alteration Mineral Mappingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Active and Fossil Hydrothermal Systems in Ijen Caldera Complex and Merubetiri Mountains, East Java

Susetyono¹,

Setijadji²

2021

IJEG

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In addition, the syn-mineralization uplift and exhumation model is also a good explanation for the fact that the deeper porphyry deposits and the shallower epithermal deposits tend to coexist in the same metallogenic belt or smaller ore district, for example, the Zijinshan porphyry-epithermal mineralization system in South China, including the Luoboling porphyry Cu-Mo deposit, the Zijinshan high-sulfidation Cu-Au deposit and the Yueyang low-sulfidation epithermal Ag polymetallic deposit (Zhong et al, 2014); The Mankayan ore concentrating area of Luzon island in Philippines, including the Far Southeast porphyry Cu-Au deposit, the Lepanto high-sulfidation epithermal Cu-Au deposit, the Victoria intermediate-sulfidation epithermal Au-Ag deposit and the Teresa low-sulfidation epithermal Au-Ag deposit (Chang et al, 2011); The Tujuh Bukit ore concentrating area of Indonesia, including the Tumpangpitu porphyry-epithermal (high-intermediate sulfidation) Cu-Au deposit (Harrison et al, 2018); The Maricunga ore concentrating area in Chile, including the Refugio, Aldebarán, La Pepa, Marte, Lobo porphyry Au-Cu deposits and the La Coipa high sulfidation epithermal Au-Ag deposit (Muntean and Einaudi, 2001); The Canaan Creek ore concentrating area in Canada, including the Cyprus porphyry Cu-Au deposit and the Klaza intermediate sulfidation epithermal Au-Ag-Zn-Pb deposit (Chapman et al, 2018).…”

Section: Syn-mineralization Uplift and Exhumationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Syn‐mineralization Uplifting and Exhumation of Porphyry Systems in China: Evidence from Fluid Inclusion Data

Zhou

Zheng

Tang

et al. 2022

Acta Geologica Sinica (Eng)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In order to understand how the metallogenic process of porphyry deposit specifically and directly respond to regional uplifting and exhumation, we compiled previous fluid inclusion data of 32 porphyry deposits in China by recalculating the fluid trapping depths and trapping depth reduction magnitude from early to late mineralization stage veins. The data reveal that the average trapping pressure ratio (Ave TP E /TP L ) between early-and late-stage veins of the these deposits are 1.2-18.4, mainly in the range of 1.35-5.83, with average trapping pressure reduction (1−Ave TP L /TP E ) from early-to late-stage veins are 17%-95%, and mainly in the range of 25%-83%. The fluid trapping pressure based mineralization depths most of the porphyry deposits in China had decreased from early to late vein stages by at least 450 m (900-5800 m predominant), or greater than 950 m when take the average depth reduction value, which is greater than the current gap between early-and late-stage veins of each deposit. We propose that the apparently greater mineralization depth reduction magnitude than the current elevation gaps between early and late veins are likely a consequence of synmineralization uplifting and exhumation process that often occurs in porphyry systems.

show abstract

“…The largest ore deposits will likely be those that feature the most complex overlapping and overprinting magmatic intrusion, hydrothermal brecciation, veining, and alteration events, to the extent that the earliest breccia pipe stages may be almost unrecognizable (Figs. 5 and 6C;Skewes and Stern, 1994;Vargas et al, 1999;Vry et al, 2010;Harrison et al, 2018).…”

Section: Research Papermentioning

confidence: 99%

Porphyry copper deposit formation in arcs: What are the odds?

Richards

2021

Geosphere

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Arc magmas globally are H2O-Cl-S–rich and moderately oxidized (ΔFMQ = +1 to +2) relative to most other mantle-derived magmas (ΔFMQ ≤ 0). Their relatively high oxidation state limits the extent to which sulfide phases separate from the magma, which would otherwise tend to deplete the melt in chalcophile elements such as Cu (highly siderophile elements such as Au and especially platinum-group elements are depleted by even small amounts of sulfide segregation). As these magmas rise into the crust and begin to crystallize, they will reach volatile saturation, and a hydrous, saline, S-rich, moderately oxidized fluid is released, into which chalcophile and any remaining siderophile metals (as well as many other water-soluble elements) will strongly partition. This magmatic-hydrothermal fluid phase has the potential to form ore deposits (most commonly porphyry Cu ± Mo ± Au deposits) if its metal load is precipitated in economic concentrations, but there are many steps along the way that must be successfully negotiated before this can occur. This paper seeks to identify the main steps along the path from magma genesis to hydrothermal mineral precipitation that affect the chances of forming an ore deposit (defined as an economically mineable resource) and attempts to estimate the probability of achieving each step. The cumulative probability of forming a large porphyry Cu deposit at any given time in an arc magmatic system (i.e., a single batholith-linked volcanoplutonic complex) is estimated to be ~0.001%, and less than 1/10 of these deposits will be uplifted and exposed at shallow enough depths to mine economically (0.0001%). Continued uplift and erosion in active convergent tectonic regimes rapidly remove these upper-crustal deposits from the geological record, such that the probability of finding them in older arc systems decreases further with age, to the point that porphyry Cu deposits are almost nonexistent in Precambrian rocks. A key finding of this paper is that most volcanoplutonic arcs above subduction zones are prospective for porphyry ore formation, with probabilities only falling to low values at late stages of magmatic-hydrothermal fluid exsolution, focusing, and metal deposition. This is in part because of the high threshold required in terms of grade and tonnage for a deposit to be considered economic. Thus, the probability of forming a porphyry-type system in any given arc segment is relatively high, but the probability that it will be a large economic deposit is low, dictated to a large extent by mineral economics and metal prices.

show abstract

Geochronology of the Tumpangpitu Porphyry Au-Cu-Mo and High-Sulfidation Epithermal Au-Ag-Cu Deposit: Evidence for Pre- and Postmineralization Diatremes in the Tujuh Bukit District, Southeast Java, Indonesia

Abstract: The Tumpangpitu porphyry and high-intermediate sulfidation epithermal deposit is the largest deposit in the Tujuh Bukit district, southeast Java, Indonesia. The porphyry resource contains 1.9 billion

Cited by 31 publications

References 58 publications

Study of Active and Fossil Hydrothermal Systems in Ijen Caldera Complex and Merubetiri Mountains, East Java

Study of Active and Fossil Hydrothermal Systems in Ijen Caldera Complex and Merubetiri Mountains, East Java

Syn‐mineralization Uplifting and Exhumation of Porphyry Systems in China: Evidence from Fluid Inclusion Data

Porphyry copper deposit formation in arcs: What are the odds?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About