Geodetic fixing of tide gauge bench marks : technical report

Carter, William E.; Aubrey, David G.; Baker, T. F.; Boucher, C.; LeProvost, Christian; Pugh, David; Peltier, W. R.; Zumberge, M. A.; Rapp, Richard H.; Schultz, Robert E.; Emery, K. O.; Enfield, David B.

doi:10.1575/1912/6428

Cited by 34 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The International Absolute Gravity Basestation Network (IAGBN) serves, among other purposes, for the determination of large scale tectonic plate movements (Boedecker and Fritzer, 1986;Boedecker and Flury, 1995). The recommendations of the Interunion Commission of the Lithosphere on Mean Sea Level and Tides propose the regular implementation of absolute gravity measurements at coastal points, 1−10 km away from tide gauges (Carter et al, 1989). The height differences between gravity points and tide gauges have to be controlled by levelling or GPS.…”

Section: Absolute Gravimetrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Observing Gravity Change in the Fennoscandian Uplift Area with the Hanover Absolute Gravimeter

Timmen

Gitlein

Klemann

et al. 2011

Pure Appl. Geophys.

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many Abbreviated title: Absolute Gravimetry in the Fennoscandian Uplift AreaThe Nordic countries Norway, Sweden, Finland and Denmark are a key study region for the research of glacial isostasy. In addition, it offers a unique opportunity for absolute gravimetry to show its capability as a geodetic tool for geophysical research. Within a multi-national cooperation, annual absolute gravity meas- The Fennoscandian Land UpliftIn the Fennoscandian land uplift area, the Earth's crust has been rising continuously since the last glacial maximum in response to the deloading of the ice. This process is an isostatic adjustment of the Earth's elastic lithosphere and underlying viscous mantle. For a general overview Wolf (1993) gives a historical review about the changing role of the lithosphere in models of glacial isostasy. The Fennoscandian rebound area is dominated by the Precambrian basement rocks of the BalticShield, which is part of the ancient East European Craton and comprises South Norway, Sweden, Finland, the Kola Peninsula and Russian Karelia. The region is surrounded by a flexural bulge, covering northern Germany and northern Poland, the Netherlands and some other surrounding regions.The bulge area was once rising due the Fennoscandian ice load and, after the melting, sinking with a much smaller absolute value than the uplift rate in the centre of Fennoscandia. Denmark is part of the transition zone from the uplift to the subsidence area. The maximum spatial extension of the uplift area is about 2000 km in northeast-southwest direction; see Figure 1 for the approximate shape (after Ågren and Svensson, 2007). Presently, the central area around the northern part of the Gulf of Bothnia is undergoing an uplift at a rate of about 1 cm/year. (Figure 1)Geophysical approaches to study the postglacial rebound are associated with the evidence for ancient shore lines and lake level data, the knowledge or assumptions about the geometry of the ice sheets (thickness, position), and some Earth model parameters (lithosphere thickness, mantle viscosity). After Lambeck et al. (1998b), the inverse solution for the sea level data includes both ice and Earth model parameters as unknowns. Despite the recent progress in understanding the underlying models, definite models for the isostatic rebound do not yet exist. Lateral rheological variations

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Section: Absolute Gravimetrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Observing Gravity Change in the Fennoscandian Uplift Area with the Hanover Absolute Gravimeter

Timmen

Gitlein

Klemann

et al. 2011

Pure Appl. Geophys.

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“…The links between ITRF and tide gauges has been discussed since a while (Carter et al, 1989). Presently, the TIGA Project of IGS plays a leading role (Woppelmann et al, 2004).…”

Section: Itrf Network With Co-located Instruments Of Various Kindsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terrestrial reference frame requirements within GGOS perspective

Altamimi

Boucher

Willis

2005

Journal of Geodynamics

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“…Although this system was primarily designed for use in navigation, the potential to determine and monitor the heights of TGBM's in a global reference frame, and hence relate the climate related component of changes in sea level at each tide gauge to changes in global sea level, was recognised as early as 1988. In 1988, the International Association for Physical Sciences of the Ocean (IAPSO) Commission on Mean Sea Level and Tides reviewed the geodetic fixing of TGBM's at a workshop held at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, USA (Carter et al 1989). The 'IAPSO Committee' recommended that TGBM's should be connected to the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF) and monitored through episodic GPS campaigns, with simultaneous measurements made at tide gauges and fundamental ITRF stations (Baker 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using continuous GPS and absolute gravity to separate vertical land movements and changes in sea-level at tide-gauges in the UK

Teferle

Bingley

Williams

et al. 2006

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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Researchers investigating climate change have used historical tide gauge measurements from all over the world to investigate the changes in sea level that have occured over the last century or so. A high quality tide gauge record can enable such changes in sea level to be estimated with an acceptable level of uncertainty if several decades of data are used. However, such estimates are a combination of any true sea level variations and any vertical movements of the land at the specific tide gauge. For a tide gauge record to be used to determine the climate related component, it is therefore necessary to correct for the vertical land movement component of the observed change in sea level.In 1990, the IESSG and POL started developing techniques based on the Global Positioning System (GPS) for measuring vertical land movements at tide gauges in the UK. This paper briefly reviews these early developments and shows how they led to the establishment of continuous GPS (CGPS) stations at a number of tide gauges. The paper then goes on to discuss the use of absolute gravity (AG), as an independent technique for measuring vertical land movements at tide gauges. The most recent results, from CGPS time series dating back to 1997 and AG time series dating back to 1995/6, are then used to demonstrate the complementarity of these two techniques and their potential for providing site-specific estimates of vertical land movements at tide gauges in the UK.

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Geodetic fixing of tide gauge bench marks : technical report

Cited by 34 publications

References 8 publications

Observing Gravity Change in the Fennoscandian Uplift Area with the Hanover Absolute Gravimeter

Observing Gravity Change in the Fennoscandian Uplift Area with the Hanover Absolute Gravimeter

Terrestrial reference frame requirements within GGOS perspective

Using continuous GPS and absolute gravity to separate vertical land movements and changes in sea-level at tide-gauges in the UK

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