Geographic and Occupational Risk Factors for Ventricular Septal Defects

Batra, Maneesh; Heike, Carrie L.; Phillips, Rachel R.; Weiss, Noel S.

doi:10.1001/archpedi.161.1.89

Cited by 24 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…CHARS data have been used in many different epidemiologic studies to evaluate a range of birth defects. [17][18][19][20] Women were eligible for this study if they gave birth to two singleton infants between 1998 and 2008. Women whose first or second birth involved a multiple birth were excluded.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between interpregnancy interval and birth defects in Washington State

et al. 2011

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Objective: Interpregnancy interval (IPI) influences numerous adverse perinatal outcomes. IPI's impact on birth defects is unclear. Study Design:We conducted a population-based case-control study, using 1998 to 2008 administrative data from Washington State. A total of 10 772 cases, women whose second of two births resulted in an infant with a birth defect, were compared with 32 310 controls, women whose second of two births did not result in an infant with a birth defect.Result: Compared with mothers with an IPI between 18 to 23 months, those with an IPI <6 months or X60 months had elevated risks of delivering an infant with a birth defect (odds ratio ¼ 1.15, 95% confidence interval: 1.03 to 1.28, and odds ratio ¼ 1.15, 95% confidence interval: 1.04 to 1.26, respectively). Conclusion:We observed a J-shaped relationship between IPI and risk of having an infant with a birth defect. As this is one of the first studies to evaluate this association, confirmatory studies are needed.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between interpregnancy interval and birth defects in Washington State

et al. 2011

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“…17 Moreover, there are variations in the proportional contributions of different types of CHD and regional differences in environmental risk factors. 18 – 20 We conducted a hospital-based case–control design to identify possible environmental risk factors for CHD in the Shandong Peninsula of China and to provide information to assist in local prevention of CHD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Risk Factors for Congenital Heart Disease in the Shandong Peninsula, China: A Hospital-based Case–Control Study

Liu

Tang

et al. 2009

Journal of Epidemiology

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BackgroundIn China, and in Shandong province, the proportionate contribution of birth defects to infant mortality has increased, and congenital heart disease (CHD) is now the most common cause of birth defects. The cause of approximately 90% of cases of congenital heart disease is multifactorial. Little is known about modifiable environmental risk factors or regional differences. We investigated putative environmental risk factors for congenital heart disease in the Shandong province of China in order to improve prevention of CHD.MethodsWe conducted a hospital-based 1:2 matched case–control study of 164 patients with congenital heart diseases and 328 controls, all of whom were retrospectively interviewed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify environmental risk factors for CHD.ResultsThe environmental risk factors associated with CHD were mother’s education level (odds ratio [OR], 0.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.15–0.67), neonatal asphyxia or hypoxia (OR, 3.74; 95% CI, 1.25–11.18), number of previous pregnancies (OR, 2.68; 95% CI, 1.44–4.97), maternal upper respiratory tract infection (OR, 4.12; 95% CI, 1.56–10.85), maternal infection (OR, 7.98; 95% CI, 2.14–29.72), maternal B-mode ultrasound examination (OR, 4.05; 95% CI, 1.48–11.08), and maternal mental stress (OR, 3.93; 95% CI, 1.94–7.94) during early pregnancy. No significant interactions were observed among these factors.ConclusionsAugmenting maternal mental healthcare, obtaining regular health counseling and testing during pregnancy, preventing upper respiratory tract infections, limiting medication during early pregnancy, offering health promotion and health education to women of childbearing age (especially those with less formal education), and improving obstetric procedures and techniques may lower the occurrence of congenital heart disease.

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“…In addition to other pesticide exposures, proximity to agricultural activity is associated with coexposures to a variety of fertilizers that are applied in particularly large quantities in corn-growing areas (Ochoa-Acuña and Carbajo, 2009). Further, residence in agricultural areas has been linked to adverse birth outcomes with a wide range of postulated causes, which (in addition to fertilizers and pesticides) include microbial toxins (Missmer et al, 2006; Gelineau-van Waes et al, 2009), diet and lifestyle (Giordano et al, 2008; Elliott et al, 2009), and socioeconomic problems (Auger et al, 2009), although in many studies the specific risk factors remained unknown (Batra et al, 2007; Gonzalez et al, 2008; Messer et al, 2010). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atrazine and Pregnancy Outcomes: A Systematic Review of Epidemiologic Evidence

Goodman

Mandel

DeSesso

et al. 2014

Birth Defects Research Pt B

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Atrazine (ATR) is a commonly used agricultural herbicide that has been the subject of epidemiologic studies assessing its relation to reproductive health problems. This review evaluates both the consistency and the quality of epidemiologic evidence testing the hypothesis that ATR exposure, at usually encountered levels, is a risk factor for birth defects, small for gestational age birth weight, prematurity, miscarriages, and problems of fetal growth and development. We followed the current methodological guidelines for systematic reviews by using two independent researchers to identify, retrieve, and evaluate the relevant epidemiologic literature on the relation of ATR to various adverse outcomes of birth and pregnancy. Each eligible paper was summarized with respect to its methods and results with particular attention to study design and exposure assessment, which have been cited as the main areas of weakness in ATR research. As a quantitative meta-analysis was not feasible, the study results were categorized qualitatively as positive, null, or mixed. The literature on ATR and pregnancy-related health outcomes is growing rapidly, but the quality of the data is poor with most papers using aggregate rather than individual-level information. Without good quality data, the results are difficult to assess; however, it is worth noting that none of the outcome categories demonstrated consistent positive associations across studies. Considering the poor quality of the data and the lack of robust findings across studies, conclusions about a causal link between ATR and adverse pregnancy outcomes are not warranted.

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Geographic and Occupational Risk Factors for Ventricular Septal Defects

Cited by 24 publications

References 27 publications

Relationship between interpregnancy interval and birth defects in Washington State

Relationship between interpregnancy interval and birth defects in Washington State

Environmental Risk Factors for Congenital Heart Disease in the Shandong Peninsula, China: A Hospital-based Case–Control Study

Atrazine and Pregnancy Outcomes: A Systematic Review of Epidemiologic Evidence

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