Geographic Atrophy Phenotypes in Subjects of Different Ethnicity

Teo, Kelvin; Fujimoto, Satoko; Sadda, Srinivas R; Kokame, Gregg T.; Gomi, Fumi; Kim, Judy E.; Cheng, Mark Fs; Corradetti, Giulia; Amornpetchsathaporn, Anyarak; Chainakul, Methaphon; Lee, Won Ki; Lai, Timothy Y Y; Ruamviboonsuk, Paisan; Cheung, Chui Ming Gemmy

doi:10.1016/j.oret.2022.12.013

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In this study, the mean rate of increase in the GA area was 1.26 mm 2 /year in the GA group. Notably, this rate is relatively higher than that observed in Asian patients with GA. 24 In addition, the SCT was markedly thinner, and the prevalence of reticular pseudodrusen was relatively higher in our patients compared with the characteristics previously reported in Asian patients with GA. 25 These findings suggested that when evaluating fellow-eye GA in patients with unilateral Type 3 MNV, it may not be valid to apply previously known information about Asian patients, to assess the characteristics and progression of GA, even if the patient is of Asian descent.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 46%

“…2,26 A recent study has shown differences in GA phenotypes and progression rates among patients of different ethnicity. 24 As a result, our findings, based on Asian patients, may not be directly applicable to Caucasian patients. Further studies are needed to determine the rate of progression of GA in the fellow eye in Caucasian patients with unilateral Type 3 MNV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

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Characteristics Predictive of Fellow-Eye Geographic Atrophy without Neovascularization in Unilateral Type 3 Macular Neovascularization

Kim,

Kim

2023

Retina

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Purpose: To evaluate the predictive characteristics of fellow-eye geographic atrophy (GA) without neovascularization in patients with unilateral type 3 macular neovascularization (MNV). Methods: This retrospective study included 84 patients who were diagnosed with unilateral type 3 MNV. Patients who developed fellow-eye neovascularization and those exhibiting GA without neovascularization at the final follow-up were included in the NV and GA groups, respectively. The patient demographics and baseline fellow-eye characteristics were compared between the two groups. Results: The mean follow-up period was 40.5±11.5 months after diagnosis. Patients included in the GA group (n = 28) were significantly older (mean 77.4 ± 5.2 years vs. 74.2 ± 5.8 years, P = 0.016), had significantly thinner subfoveal choroidal thickness (SCT; mean 109.4 ± 36.8 µm vs. 173.1 ± 77.6 µm, P < 0.001), and had a significantly higher incidence of baseline GA (39.3% vs. 16.1%, P = 0.019) than those included in the NV group (n = 56). In the multivariate analysis, SCT showed a close negative association with the risk of GA rather than neovascularization (P = 0.004, β = 0.982, 95% confidence interval = 0.970–0.994). Conclusions: In patients with unilateral type 3 MNV, older age, the presence of GA, and a thin choroid in the fellow eye were found to be indicative of a higher probability of progression towards fellow-eye GA instead of neovascularization may be potential candidates for future complement inhibitor treatments targeting fellow-eye GA.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 46%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Characteristics Predictive of Fellow-Eye Geographic Atrophy without Neovascularization in Unilateral Type 3 Macular Neovascularization

Kim,

Kim

2023

Retina

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“…Patient ethnicity may also play a role. A recent study highlighted the differences in GA lesion phenotype, growth rate and associated features in Asians compared to non-Asians [55]. Asian patients exhibited thicker choroids, fewer drusen and smaller GA lesions with fewer GA foci compared to non-Asian patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The proportion of eyes with a diffuse or banded FAF pattern was similar between both groups. In general, Asian eyes with GA had a slower lesion growth than non-Asian eyes [55]. Ideally, risk stratification should help in decision making when deciding to consider initiating therapy with these novel drugs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complement Inhibitors for Advanced Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration (Geographic Atrophy): Some Light at the End of the Tunnel?

Pimentel

2023

JCM

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Geographic atrophy (GA) affects around 5 million individuals worldwide. Genome-wide, histopathologic, in vitro and animal studies have implicated the activation of the complement system and chronic local inflammation in the pathogenesis of GA. Recently, clinical trials have demonstrated that an intravitreal injection of pegcetacoplan, a C3 inhibitor, and avacincaptad pegol, a C5 inhibitor, both statistically significantly reduce the growth of GA up to 20% in a dose-dependent fashion. Furthermore, the protective effect of both pegcetacoplan and avacincaptad appear to increase with time. However, despite these anatomic outcomes, visual function has not improved as these drugs appear to only slow down the degenerative process. Unexpected adverse events included conversion to exudative NV-AMD with both drugs. Occlusive retinal vasculitis and anterior ischemic optic neuropathy have been reported in pegcetacoplan-treated eyes.

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“…Altogether these findings indicate a high prevalence of GA in the Iranian elderly population. Ethnicity is one of the most important reasons for the difference in the prevalence of GA [39] . A lower prevalence of GA has been reported in the Asians compared to American and European populations [36] .…”

Section: Central Retinal Artery Occlusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of retinal pathologies in people over 60 years: the Tehran Geriatrics Eye Study

Mortazavi,

Jamali,

Hashemi

et al. 2024

Int J Ophthalmol

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AIM: To determine the prevalence of some retinal pathologies in people over 60y and their association with demographic and ocular factors. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Tehran using multistage cluster sampling. After selecting subjects aged 60 and over, optometric, and ophthalmic examinations were done. For retinal examination, a 90 D lens was used and indirect ophthalmoscopy was performed after instilling tropicamide drops. Biometry was done using the IOL Master for all participants. RESULTS: Of 3791 people that were invited through cluster sampling, 3310 participated in the study (response rate=82%). The prevalence of retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) change, drusen, geographic atrophy (GA), hypertensive retinopathy (HTR), nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), choroidal neovascularization (CNV), central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO), myopic retinopathy (MR), branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO), and central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) was 27.42%, 11.08%, 4.52%, 3.03%, 4.05%, 0.54%, 0.82%, 0.39%, 0.20%, 0.49%, and 0.19%, respectively. After removing the effect of age, the odds of NPDR were 1.68 times higher in women compared to men (P=0.014). After removing the effect of sex, the odds of drusen, RPE change, GA, CNV, BRVO, and CRVO increased with age. CONCLUSION: There is a higher prevalence of RPE change, drusen, GA, CNV and a lower prevalence of MR and CRAO in the elderly population of Tehran aged over 60y compared to global average values. Considering the correlation of most of the diseases with age and their effects on vision, attention should be paid to these diseases and the related screening programs to prevent vision impairment.

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Geographic Atrophy Phenotypes in Subjects of Different Ethnicity

Cited by 8 publications

References 25 publications

Characteristics Predictive of Fellow-Eye Geographic Atrophy without Neovascularization in Unilateral Type 3 Macular Neovascularization

Characteristics Predictive of Fellow-Eye Geographic Atrophy without Neovascularization in Unilateral Type 3 Macular Neovascularization

Complement Inhibitors for Advanced Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration (Geographic Atrophy): Some Light at the End of the Tunnel?

Prevalence of retinal pathologies in people over 60 years: the Tehran Geriatrics Eye Study

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