Geographic influences in the global rise of thyroid cancer

Kim, Jina; Gosnell, Jessica E.; Roman, Sanziana A.

doi:10.1038/s41574-019-0263-x

Cited by 335 publications

(232 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…Over the last 50 years, the incidence of thyroid cancer has increased worldwide and the incidence rate is still on the rise. The result of improved diagnostic procedures, an elevated prevalence of individual risk factors (e.g., obesity), and increased exposure to environmental risk factors (e.g., iodine levels), thyroid cancer is the most common form of endocrine malignancy today [16] and is expected to become the fourth leading type of cancer across the globe [17]. Especially poorly differentiated thyroid tumors are aggressive and tend to metastasize.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dexamethasone Inhibits Spheroid Formation of Thyroid Cancer Cells Exposed to Simulated Microgravity

Melnik

Sahana

Corydon

et al. 2020

Cells

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Detachment and the formation of spheroids under microgravity conditions can be observed with various types of intrinsically adherent human cells. In particular, for cancer cells this process mimics metastasis and may provide insights into cancer biology and progression that can be used to identify new drug/target combinations for future therapies. By using the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone (DEX), we were able to suppress spheroid formation in a culture of follicular thyroid cancer (FTC)-133 cells that were exposed to altered gravity conditions on a random positioning machine. DEX inhibited the growth of three-dimensional cell aggregates in a dose-dependent manner. In the first approach, we analyzed the expression of several factors that are known to be involved in key processes of cancer progression such as autocrine signaling, proliferation, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and anoikis. Wnt/β-catenin signaling and expression patterns of important genes in cancer cell growth and survival, which were further suggested to play a role in three-dimensional aggregation, such as NFKB2, VEGFA, CTGF, CAV1, BCL2(L1), or SNAI1, were clearly affected by DEX. Our data suggest the presence of a more complex regulation network of tumor spheroid formation involving additional signal pathways or individual key players that are also influenced by DEX.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dexamethasone Inhibits Spheroid Formation of Thyroid Cancer Cells Exposed to Simulated Microgravity

Melnik

Sahana

Corydon

et al. 2020

Cells

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“…PTC accounted for 80% of TCs, and showed a better prognosis. However, patients with PDTC or ATC due to rapid progression and local or distant metastasis frequently led to a worse prognosis [1][2][3][4]. In addition to the characteristics of rapid growth of tumor cells, metastasis has been one of the hallmarks in cancer, leading to tumor dissemination and aggressiveness [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The increasing incidence of it is probably due to the differences in diagnostic practices. In addition, environmental exposure to iodine levels and individual risk factors such as obesity also contribute to this cause [1]. Based on the degree of differentiation, thyroid is categorized into three kinds, which include well differentiated thyroid carcinomas such as papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC), as well as poorly-differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) and anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tunicamycin promotes metastasis through upregulating endoplasmic reticulum stress induced GRP78 expression in thyroid carcinoma

Zhao

Kang

Xun

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common type of endocrine malignancy tumor and the incidence of it is increasing over years. Conventional surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are difficult to improve the significant effects of it due to aggression and metastasis of poorly differentiated thyroid cancer (PDTC) and anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC), which are regarded as the most malignant type of TC. Glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) is the key molecule of tumor growth, apoptosis and metastasis. However, the underlying mechanisms of GRP78 on TC still require discussion. This study aimed to explore the role of GRP78 and its potential mechanism in TC.Results: GRP78 expression was increased in TC tissues when compared with adjacent normal tissues. Besides, down-regulation of GRP78 significantly inhibited the metastatic and proliferative ability of ATC cells in in vitro studies. In addition, tunicamycin-induced ER stress up-regulated the expression of GRP78, PERK and XBP1 as well as reversed the metastatic ability of GRP78 in ATC cells. Bioinformatics and statistical analysis of gene ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways for RNA-sequencing data from si-GRP78 and si-control showed that GRP78 might regulate the ability of metastasis through extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling in ATC cells, as well as the expression of ECM components such as COL1A1 and MMP13 were shown to be highly relevant to ATC. The analysis of GEPIA database confirmed high genomic amplification of MMP13 and COL1A1 in TC tissues and showed correlation with TNM stage. Further western blotting analysis showed that MMP13 might be the target of GRP78 in ATC cells and ER stress could activate the expression of MMP13 that was suppressed by the GRP78 depletion.Conclusions: GRP78 acts as an important regulator of metastasis under ER stress. In addition, the function of GRP7 might be mediated by ECM remodeling in ATC cells, implicating it as a therapeutic target in TC.

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“…However, it is one of the fastest growing cancer entities worldwide and its incidence in the United States has nearly tripled over the last 30 years from 4.9 to 14.3 per 100,000 people [3][4][5]. Many reasons for this epidemiological development have been discussed [2,[6][7][8]. While some authors also suggest a contributing true increase of incidence [9], the main reason for the increase seems to be a consequence of oversurveillance and overdiagnosis of small differentiated tumours [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Markers Guiding Thyroid Cancer Management

Nylén

Mechera

Maréchal-Ross

et al. 2020

Cancers

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The incidence of thyroid cancer is rapidly increasing, mostly due to the overdiagnosis and overtreatment of differentiated thyroid cancer (TC). The increasing use of potent preclinical models, high throughput molecular technologies, and gene expression microarrays have provided a deeper understanding of molecular characteristics in cancer. Hence, molecular markers have become a potent tool also in TC management to distinguish benign from malignant lesions, predict aggressive biology, prognosis, recurrence, as well as for identification of novel therapeutic targets. In differentiated TC, molecular markers are mainly used as an adjunct to guide management of indeterminate nodules on fine needle aspiration biopsies. In contrast, in advanced thyroid cancer, molecular markers enable targeted treatments of affected signalling pathways. Identification of the driver mutation of targetable kinases in advanced TC can select treatment with mutation targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) to slow growth and reverse adverse effects of the mutations, when traditional treatments fail. This review will outline the molecular landscape and discuss the impact of molecular markers on diagnosis, surveillance and treatment of differentiated, poorly differentiated and anaplastic follicular TC.

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Geographic influences in the global rise of thyroid cancer

Cited by 335 publications

References 110 publications

Dexamethasone Inhibits Spheroid Formation of Thyroid Cancer Cells Exposed to Simulated Microgravity

Dexamethasone Inhibits Spheroid Formation of Thyroid Cancer Cells Exposed to Simulated Microgravity

Tunicamycin promotes metastasis through upregulating endoplasmic reticulum stress induced GRP78 expression in thyroid carcinoma

Molecular Markers Guiding Thyroid Cancer Management

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