Geographic Search: Catalogs, Gazetteers, and Maps

Buckland, Michael K.; Chen, Aitao; Gey, Fredric C.; Larson, Ray R.; Mostern, Ruth; Petras, Vivien

doi:10.5860/crl.68.5.376

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…These all had similar findings: namely that people, places, time periods, and subjects were popular topics of search in this domain. This is also true of library users (Buckland et al, 2007;Zong et al, 2005) and utilising place (and time) for information access has been investigated in a range of past projects.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Buckland and Lancaster (2004) describe combining place, time and topic in the Electronic Cultural Atlas Initiative[2], designed to foster a research community interested in geo-temporally encoded data and create a catalogue of geo-referenced online resources. As a part of this initiative, Buckland et al (2007) overview the Going Places in the Catalog project, an initiative to offer seamless searching of educational and scholarly numeric and textual resources. This includes extracting geo-spatial information from library catalog records to enhance the user's search experience.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, a study by Zhang et al (2006) found that 12.7 per cent of queries submitted to a web search engine contained a place name; Sanderson and Han (2007) also showed that queries for city names were repeated more frequently than for other names (e.g., country and state). This information can be exploited and used to provide spatial awareness to information systems (see, e.g., Buckland et al, 2007;Purves et al, 2007)). Zong et al (2005) discuss how the ability to perform query by location can be an important and useful addition to a digital library and Buckland et al (2007, p. 376) concur with this in saying "libraries have a broad need to support geographic search".…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Linking archival data to location: a case study at the UK National Archives

Clough

Tang

Hall

et al. 2011

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Purpose -The National Archives (TNA) is the UK government's official archive. It stores and maintains records spanning over a thousand years in both physical and digital form. Much of the information held by TNA includes references to place and frequently user queries to TNA's online catalogue involve searches for location. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate how TNA have extracted the geographic references in their historic data to improve access to the archives. Approach -To be able to quickly enhance the existing archival data with geographic information, existing technologies from Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Geographical Information Retrieval (GIR) have been utilised and adapted to historical archives. Findings -Enhancing the archival records with geographic information has enabled TNA to quickly develop a number of case-studies highlighting how geographic information can improve access to large-scale archival collections. The use of existing methods from the GIR domain and technologies, such as OpenLayers, enabled us to quickly implement this process in a way that is easily transferrable to other institutions. Practical implications -The methods and technologies described in this paper can be adapted by other archives to similarly enhance access to their historic data. Also the data-sharing methods described can be used to enable the integration of knowledge held at different archival institutions. Value -Place is one of the core dimensions for TNA's archival data. Many of the records that we hold make reference to place data (wills, legislation, court cases…) and approximately one fifth of users' searches involve place names. However, there are still a number of open questions regarding the adaptation of existing GIR methods to the history domain. This paper presents an overview over available GIR methods and the challenges in applying them to historical data.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Linking archival data to location: a case study at the UK National Archives

Clough

Tang

Hall

et al. 2011

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“…The search engine uses the infrastructure of the DIGMAP project 1 . This work follows previous studies presented in [3][4] [5] where the authors refer to the relevance of Geo-Temporal user interfaces. Our approach aimed at achieving two goals: provide a friendly and interactive user interface exploring Geo-Temporal properties; separate the geographic and temporal dimensions from the textual one to let the user build the queries in these different dimensions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 57%

User Interface for a Geo-Temporal Search Service Using DIGMAP Components

Machado

Pedrosa

Freire

et al. 2009

Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries

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Abstract. This demo presents a user interface for a Geo-Temporal search service built in the sequence of DIGMAP project. DIGMAP was a co-funded European Union project on old digitized maps and deals with resources rich in geographic and temporal information. This search interface followed a mashup approach using existing DIGMAP components: a metadata repository, a text mining tool, a Gazetteer, and a service to generate geographic contextual thumbnails. Google Maps API is used to provide a friendly and interactive user interface. This demo will present the resulting geo-temporal search engine functionalities, whose interface uses WEB 2.0 capabilities to provide contextualization in time and space and text clustering.

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“…During 2004-2006 a project entitled "Support for the Learner: What, Where, When and Who" explored this area in general terms [2]. A four-facet "4W" approach was adoptedwhat, where, when and who -because each has distinctive characteristics leading to different genres of search aid and different display requirements.Where involves a duality of place (a cultural construct) and space (a physical construct) and, for this, place name gazetteers and map displays are well-developed genres [3] [4]. When similarly involves a duality of events and calendar time.…”

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confidence: 99%

Events as a structuring device in biographical mark‐up and metadata

Buckland¹,

Ramos²

2009

Bul. Am. Soc. Info. Sci. Tech.

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T here is little structure or best practice in the concise biographical texts found in biographical dictionaries and Who's Who volumes. This paper is a progress report on an investigation of using events as a structuring device for mark-up and metadata structures in biographical texts as part of a project entitled Bringing Lives to Light: Biography in Context [1]. The idea is that anyone's life can be usefully decomposed into events at any desired level of granularity and that each event could be described as a 4-tuple of the four facets what, where, when and who. PurposeThe difference between seeing and understanding lies in knowing the context, and it should be emphasized that we approached this problem area from a particular perspective: helping readers to understand. This paper reports on one part of a series of studies of how learning can be facilitated by making it easier to find relatively trustworthy explanatory resources, suitable both for a text being read and for the reader. During 2004-2006 a project entitled "Support for the Learner: What, Where, When and Who" explored this area in general terms [2]. A four-facet "4W" approach was adoptedwhat, where, when and who -because each has distinctive characteristics leading to different genres of search aid and different display requirements.Where involves a duality of place (a cultural construct) and space (a physical construct) and, for this, place name gazetteers and map displays are well-developed genres [3] [4]. When similarly involves a duality of events and calendar time. Historical events are calibrated by calendar time, and calendar time is calibrated by events such as solar years and cesium radiation cycles. In practice, people tend to mark time by mentioning personal and historical events (for example, "after I graduated," "during [the] Vietnam [war]") more than by calendar dates, so an approach similar to place name gazetteers using named time period directories and timelines can be adopted [5]. What tends to be a residual category when other specialized concepts have been removed. Here thesauri, subject indexes, library classifications and other tools are used, and ways to express and display relationships and cross-references are well developed.Who, however, emerged as a relatively underdeveloped area. The disambiguation of personal names -associating multiple names for the same person and distinguishing different persons with the same name -is a well-understood area with its own standards. Also, genealogists understand family relationships and how to represent them in family trees, but other kinds of interpersonal relationships have not received the same careful attention, although a variety of limited examples can be found. Further, there seemed to be a distinct lack of accepted standards or best practices for structuring the very concentrated, stylized biographical texts found in biographical dictionaries. Our impression of the situation was validated and detailed in a report issued by the Text Encoding Initiative [6]. Fortunately we have b...

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Geographic Search: Catalogs, Gazetteers, and Maps

Cited by 21 publications

References 2 publications

Linking archival data to location: a case study at the UK National Archives

Linking archival data to location: a case study at the UK National Archives

User Interface for a Geo-Temporal Search Service Using DIGMAP Components

Events as a structuring device in biographical mark‐up and metadata

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