Geographic Signatures of North American West Coast Estuaries

Emmett, Robert L.; Llansó, Roberto J.; Newton, Jan; Thom, Ron; Hornberger, Michelle I.; Morgan, Cheryl A.; Levings, C. D.; Copping, Andrea; Fishman, Paul

doi:10.2307/1352998

Cited by 128 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…The mean depth of Yaquina Bay is 2.6 m (Hickey and Banas 2003). Tides in Yaquina Bay are of the mixed-semidiurnal type, with spring-neap amplitude variation on the order of 50% (Emmett et al 2000;Hickey and Banas 2003).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential Habitat Identification for Age‐0 Rockfish along the Central Oregon Coast

Gallagher

Heppell

2010

Mar Coast Fish

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The habitat needs of nearshore juvenile rockfish Sebastes spp. have rarely been studied but are an essential component of habitat identification for management. We investigated the relationships between habitat type, species composition, and growth of juvenile rockfish after settlement into nearshore reefs and estuaries in central Oregon. We identify and prioritize essential fish habitat (EFH) for blue rockfish S. mystinus and black rockfish S. melanops caught by minnow traps and by scuba divers with hand nets. Species were confirmed through genetic analysis. Our nearshore samples were dominated by blue rockfish, while estuary samples contained almost exclusively black rockfish. Settlement patterns suggest that black rockfish had a strong preference for anthropogenic habitat (docks, pilings, jetties) within the Yaquina Bay estuary. Growth was not significantly different among habitats or sampling years for either black rockfish or blue rockfish. We identify estuaries as EFH for black rockfish juveniles along the central Oregon coast and confirm nearshore reef areas as EFH for blue rockfish juveniles. Small sample sizes of juvenile yellowtail rockfish S. flavidus and widow rockfish S. entomelas suggest that estuaries are also important for these species.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential Habitat Identification for Age‐0 Rockfish along the Central Oregon Coast

Gallagher

Heppell

2010

Mar Coast Fish

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“…We expect that this same suite of introduced species will have, or is already having, similar effects in other estuaries in the region, many of which have comparable native taxa, aquacultural practices, geological ages, tidal amplitudes, and sediment-accretion rates (e.g. Emmett et al 2000), and often much greater levels of human activity and anthropogenic disturbance. It is possible to imagine additional engineering species that could further transform west coast tideflats, such as burrowing fiddler crabs (e.g.…”

Section: Primary and Secondary Production In Heavily Invaded Estuariesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Changes in productivity associated with four introduced species: ecosystem transformation of a pristine estuary

Ruesink¹,

Feist²,

Harvey³

et al. 2006

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

144

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Multiple stressors in estuaries can cause declines in native species and impairment of ecosystem goods and services. In contrast, one stressor -the introduction of non-native speciesactually leads to higher local richness. We examined the changes in ecosystem function associated with introductions into Willapa Bay, Washington, USA, a relatively undeveloped estuary with 45 documented exotic marine species. The replacement of native oysters by 2 new bivalve species has increased secondary production of harvested suspension feeders by 250% over peak historic values (3.3 × 10 5 vs. 0.9 × 10 5 kg dry wt yr -1), based on >150 yr of records of harvested biomass. Key aspects of aquaculture -particularly planted area -have remained constant over time, so we attribute much of the altered secondary production to higher growth rates of non-native species. The addition of 2 tracheophytes has increased primary production on the tideflats by > 50% (5.3 × 10 7 vs. 3.5 × 10 7 kg dry wt yr -1 ), which we calculated by scaling up local measurements of plant growth to the total area occupied by each species. These changes in production are also associated with altered detritus, water filtration, and biogenic habitat. Because other stressors are largely absent from Willapa Bay, the addition of particular exotic species has dramatically enhanced system production, while fundamentally reshaping the ecological character of the estuary. These strong ecological impacts of introduced species have rarely been measured at whole-ecosystem scales, and they occur in part because new species occupy habitats where similar native species were not present.

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“…It is forced by strong tides (2-3 m range) and has relatively deep and unchannelized intertidal zones [Emmett et al, 2000].…”

Section: The Study Zone: Willapa Baymentioning

confidence: 99%

Wave-current interaction in Willapa Bay

Olabarrieta¹,

Warner²,

Kumar³

2011

J. Geophys. Res.

165

152

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[1] This paper describes the importance of wave-current interaction in an inlet-estuary system. The three-dimensional, fully coupled, Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere-WaveSediment Transport (COAWST) modeling system was applied in Willapa Bay (Washington State) from 22 to 29 October 1998 that included a large storm event. To represent the interaction between waves and currents, the vortex-force method was used. Model results were compared with water elevations, currents, and wave measurements obtained by the U.S. Army Corp of Engineers. In general, a good agreement between field data and computed results was achieved, although some discrepancies were also observed in regard to wave peak directions in the most upstream station. Several numerical experiments that considered different forcing terms were run in order to identify the effects of each wind, tide, and wave-current interaction process. Comparison of the horizontal momentum balances results identified that wave-breaking-induced acceleration is one of the leading terms in the inlet area. The enhancement of the apparent bed roughness caused by waves also affected the values and distribution of the bottom shear stress. The pressure gradient showed significant changes with respect to the pure tidal case. During storm conditions the momentum balance in the inlet shares the characteristics of tidal-dominated and wave-dominated surf zone environments. The changes in the momentum balance caused by waves were manifested both in water level and current variations. The most relevant effect on hydrodynamics was a wave-induced setup in the inner part of the estuary.

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Geographic Signatures of North American West Coast Estuaries

Cited by 128 publications

References 72 publications

Essential Habitat Identification for Age‐0 Rockfish along the Central Oregon Coast

Essential Habitat Identification for Age‐0 Rockfish along the Central Oregon Coast

Changes in productivity associated with four introduced species: ecosystem transformation of a pristine estuary

Wave-current interaction in Willapa Bay

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Geographic Signatures of North American West Coast Estuaries

Cited by 128 publications

References 72 publications

Essential Habitat Identification for Age‐0 Rockfish along the Central Oregon Coast

Essential Habitat Identification for Age‐0 Rockfish along the Central Oregon Coast

Changes in productivity associated with four introduced species: ecosystem transformation of a pristine estuary

Wave-current interaction in Willapa Bay

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Changes in productivity associated with four introduced species: ecosystem transformation of a pristine estuary