Geographical and temporal variation of regional development and innovation in Finland

Makkonen, Teemu; Inkinen, Tommi

doi:10.11143/46476

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The summary of the models obtained for each group of regions shown in Table 1. The next step, focused on the regional innovation performance group, aimed to find the multiple linear regression model with the highest R Square that is shown in Table 1, once again using the Stepwise forward method: (1) The summary of the best multiple linear regression models is shown in Table 2. RIS3 encourages the concentration of financial, human, and innovative resources in a few globally competitive areas of intelligent specialization, being advised to develop applications of generic technology or innovate services in one or several relevant areas in the regional economy, or the development of intersectoral approaches [7,54].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of Open Innovation, and the Performance of European Union Regions

Lopes

Gomes

Oliveira

et al. 2021

Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity

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This research aims to detect the factors that best explain the performance of regional innovation in the European Union (EU), in the year 2019, and compare the obtained results with the factors used to elucidate the performance of regional innovation in the EU during the year 2016. This comparison allowed us to identify the variations that have occurred during these 3 years. The methodology used is quantitative and served to identify the factors that clarify the performance of regional innovation in the EU in 2019. The data collected was treated in the econometric software Eviews10. Estimations used a multiple linear regression method. The attained results show that with the implementation of the Research and Innovation Strategy for Smart Specialization (RIS3), the Leader and Strong Regions benefited from its implementation. On the other hand, Moderate and Modest Regions failed to improve their innovative performance with the implementation of RIS3. On the practical contributions, it provides suggestions to the actors of the triple helix (Academy–Government–Industry) to improve the performance of innovation. Furthermore, it contributes to the theory by updating the knowledge of the existing literature with new dimensions from the 2019 RIS database. This research is original as it allows to appraise the evolution of the open innovative performance of the regions, by using comparative data from 2019 and 2016.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the past two decades, we have witnessed a strong debate on how regional development, production, and innovation policies should be [1,2]. Nevertheless, over the past few years, the European Union (EU) has been losing international competitiveness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Open Innovation, and the Performance of European Union Regions

Lopes

Gomes

Oliveira

et al. 2021

Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Generally, the utilisation of larger geographical units of analyses masks regional heterogeneity inside a regional unit (Inkinen 2005;Guo et al 2021). Therefore, here we approach the issue of shrinkage through a set of administratively -or functionally (Makkonen & Inkinen 2015; Kurikka 2021) -meaningful spatial scales including regions (NUTS-3, maakunnat, N=19), sub-regions (LAU-1, seutukunnat, N=69), municipalities (LAU-2, kunnat, N=309) and postal code areas (postinumeroalueet, N=3027). The postal code areas allow us to analyse the (potential) differences between the (urban) municipal centres and the surrounding (rural) areas.…”

Section: Spatial Scalesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping spatio-temporal variations of shrinkage in Finland

Makkonen

Inkinen

Rautiainen

2023

Fennia

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It is commonly stated that a large share of Finnish regions are shrinking in terms of their population and local economy, which naturally poses challenges for balanced regional development. However, and rather surprisingly, there has been relatively little methodological discussion in Finland on the measurement of shrinkage: how to determine whether a region is shrinking or not? The main aim of this paper is to analyse shrinkage through spatio-temporal indicators and to discuss the variety and complexity of the task. Empirically the paper utilises three commonly used indicators (population, employment, and housing vacancy), three different analysis periods (long, medium and short) and five different spatial scales (regions, sub-regions, municipalities, postal code areas and grids). The results underline how volatile the results are depending on these three choices (indicator, analysis period and spatial scale) when aiming at determining, which of the regions under investigation are shrinking. Depending on the indicator choices and analysed spatio-temporal scales, different shares of Finnish regions can be identified as shrinking. Thus, care is needed when considering which indicator(s), analysis periods and spatial scales are selected for conducting statistical analyses on shrinkage particularly if the results are applied in policies.

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“…The country has high levels of R&D investment (figure 3), but was also the world leader in patent filings (per million inhabitants) for technologies related to the "Fourth Industrial Revolution" in the period 2000-2018 (figure 4). Within Finland, the HMA is considered to be the leading innovative cluster of the country, as the most developed region in terms of innovation activity, such as R&D spending, patenting, human-capital concentration and knowledge-intensive firms (Makkonen & Inkinen, 2015;Kiuru & Inkinen, 2017). The Finnish economy is open, with exports accounting for over 40% of GDP, and this is where HMA distinguishes itself as the leading region in exports of services embodying intangible capital consisting of R&D, organisational capital and ICT (Piekkola, 2018, p. 9).…”

Section: Helsinki Smart Metropolitan Area As a "Critical Case"mentioning

confidence: 99%

Do European smart city developers dream of GDPR-free countries? The pull of global megaprojects in the face of EU smart city compliance and localisation costs

Wernick¹,

Banzuzi²,

Mörelius-Wulff³

2023

Internet Policy Review

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Smart city technologies can have detrimental effects on human rights, making it crucial to mitigate them in the R&D phase. This qualitative socio-legal study of the Helsinki metropolitan area (HMA) explores how public funding for smart city research and development (R&D), and the data protection by design principle (DPbD) of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), facilitate the development of human rights compliant technology. Our study shows that the tension between the neoliberal logic of smart cities and that human rights compliance extends from the local to the global level. High compliance and localisation costs, one-sided inputs and a push for scalability in smart city technology development in Finland and other EU states may attract companies to overlook human rights risks and pursue markets outside the EU with lower standards of respect for human rights and the rule of law. We propose policy measures to facilitate human rights compliant smart city R&D, localisation and procurement, and discuss human rights due diligence and export control measures as means to mitigate the potential adverse effects of smart city technology exported from the EU. The study contributes to research on human rights-based approaches to smart city technology development and European innovation and export policy, with attention given to the role of public R&D funding agencies. Issue 1 This paper is part of Future-proofing the city: A human rights-based approach to governing algorithmic, biometric and smart city technologies, a special issue of Internet Policy Review guest-edited by Alina Wernick and Anna Artyushina. Wernick, Banzuzi, Mörelius-Wulff E8 City data manager #1 City funding E9 City data manager #2 City funding E10 City project manager #1 EU funding E11 City project manager #2 City funding E12 City procurement expert

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Geographical and temporal variation of regional development and innovation in Finland

Cited by 7 publications

References 48 publications

The Role of Open Innovation, and the Performance of European Union Regions

The Role of Open Innovation, and the Performance of European Union Regions

Mapping spatio-temporal variations of shrinkage in Finland

Do European smart city developers dream of GDPR-free countries? The pull of global megaprojects in the face of EU smart city compliance and localisation costs

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