Geographical Distribution of Australia Antigen Determinants d, y and w

Mazzur, Scott; Burgert, Steven; Blumberg, Baruch S.

doi:10.1038/247038a0

Cited by 70 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Major geographical differences in the distribution of the y, d and w,r antigenic determinants have been reported (Le Bouvier, 1971;Bancroft, Mundon & Russel, 1972;Mazzur, Burgert & Blumberg, 1974; Mosley, Edwards, Meilhaus & Redecker, 1972). As previously reported the great majority of HBsAg in Greece are ay (Hadziyannis & Le Bouvier, 1972).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Seroepidemiological study of HBV infections in Athens, Greece

Papaevangelou

Kyriakidou

Vissoulis

et al. 1976

J. Hyg.

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SUMMARYA seroepidemiological survey of a sample -roughly representative by age and sex -of 2744 persons of the Greater Athens area revealed that hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections are highly endemic in Greece. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was detected in 72 (2.6 %) of them. The subtype was identified in 70 of the 72 carriers, and 69 were ay; the other was ad. Determinant w was present in all 61 that were capable of being typed further, and a23y(w) was twice as common as a1ly(w). Antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs) was found in 514 (18-7 %) persons. The prevalence of the HBsAg rose rapidly with age, reaching peak values (5.3 %) at 20-29 years, while anti-HBs reached its highest value (42.1 %) in older age groups (50-59 years). The frequency of HBsAg was significantly higher in males (3.4 %) than in females (1-5 %). The percentage of infected persons who become chronic HBsAg carriers (12.3 %) was found higher than in other developed populations. It was also found higher in children (25 %) than in adults (5.5 %) and in males (14.6 %) than in females (8.1 %). These data indicate that HBV infection in early life is a major risk factor in the development of HBsAg carriers and support the hypothesis that males are more likely to become HBsAg carriers than females.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Seroepidemiological study of HBV infections in Athens, Greece

Papaevangelou

Kyriakidou

Vissoulis

et al. 1976

J. Hyg.

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“…Geographical and social factors may also have been responsible for our finding that among patients with other forms of parenteral exposure, 8 (80 %) were of subtype ay (Table 1). Two of these patients developed hepatitis, ay in each case, after injections in Nigeria; subtype ay is dominant in Africa (Mazzur et al 1974). Of 3 hospital staff with hepatitis, 2, both ay, had taken part in the investigation of HRB Ag-positive infection associated with illicit injections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The global distribution of subtypes shows zones of dominance by one subtype to the almost total exclusion of the other (Mazzur, Burgert & Blumberg, 1974 The strength of a precipitin reaction depends on the relative proportions of antigen and antibody. The sera under test varied greatly in the strength of reaction for HB Ag and consequently in the ease with which spurring could be demonstrated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subtypes of hepatitis B antigen among patients and symptomless carriers

Green

Turner

1975

J. Hyg.

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SUMMARYA study of the distribution of subtypes ad and ay among sera from hepatitis B antigen-positive subjects in North West England and North Wales revealed a marked contrast between symptomless carriers among whom ad predominated and patients with acute hepatitis the majority of whom were ay. Those with hepatitis associated with drug addiction or other forms of ‘needle transmission’ were almost all of subtype ay. On the other hand in cases of ‘sporadic’ hepatitis without evidence of parenteral exposure subtypes ad and ay are about equally distributed.These findings are similar to those reported from other countries in Northern Europe and North America. Although geographical and social factors clearly affect the distribution of the two subtypes it is suggested that the virus of subtype ay may be more readily transmitted than subtype ad by parenteral routes involving small amounts of blood.

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“…Evidence is now appearing (Mazzur et al 1974b) that deter minants d, y and w can be found on the same particle. Different geographical distributions of these subtypes in various areas of the world were also established (Feinman et al 1973;Ishida et al 1973;Mazzur et al 1974a). Mazzur et al (1974a) reported a predominance of subtype adw in the Cash inahua Indian tribe of Peru.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different geographical distributions of these subtypes in various areas of the world were also established (Feinman et al 1973;Ishida et al 1973;Mazzur et al 1974a). Mazzur et al (1974a) reported a predominance of subtype adw in the Cash inahua Indian tribe of Peru. A cooperative survey team from Japan and Peru reported an incidence of HBAg of 1.4% among Peruvian people (Madalengoitia et al 1974).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%