1998
DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1998.137
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Geographical distribution of birth places of children with cancer in the UK

Abstract: Summary Using birth addresses, we examined the geographical variation in risk for all types of childhood cancers in the UK, on a scale corresponding to the 10-km squares of the National Grid. The effects of socioeconomic and environmental factors, including natural background radiation, were investigated and their relative importance assessed using Poisson regression. Data came from a national collection of all fatal cancers between 1953 and 1980 in children aged 0-15 years and consisted of 9363 children of kn… Show more

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Cited by 30 publications
(24 citation statements)
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“…In the United Kingdom (Alexander et al, 1990b(Alexander et al, , 1996Gilman and Knox, 1998;Dickinson and Parker, 1999), higher rates of ALL or NHL in certain rural areas have been reported. However, in Taiwan (Li et al, 1998), Australia (McWhirter and Bacon, 1980), Greece (Petridou et al, 1997), Sweden (Hjalmars and Gustafsson, 1999), and the United States (Muirhead, 1995;Adelman et al, 2005), a higher incidence of ALL in urban or high-density regions has been found.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…In the United Kingdom (Alexander et al, 1990b(Alexander et al, , 1996Gilman and Knox, 1998;Dickinson and Parker, 1999), higher rates of ALL or NHL in certain rural areas have been reported. However, in Taiwan (Li et al, 1998), Australia (McWhirter and Bacon, 1980), Greece (Petridou et al, 1997), Sweden (Hjalmars and Gustafsson, 1999), and the United States (Muirhead, 1995;Adelman et al, 2005), a higher incidence of ALL in urban or high-density regions has been found.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Studies of the relationships with urbanisation or population density have yielded inconsistent results. UK studies (Alexander et al, 1990b(Alexander et al, , 1996Gilman and Knox, 1998;Dickinson and Parker, 1999) have found higher rates of childhood ALL or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in rural areas. However, studies elsewhere (McWhirter and Bacon, 1980;Muirhead, 1995;Petridou et al, 1997;Li et al, 1998;Hjalmars and Gustafsson, 1999;Adelman et al, 2005) have found higher ALL incidences in urban or highdensity regions.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Likewise, in a multivariate study of cancer among a cohort of children aged 1 -14 born in the rural English district of Cumbria during 1969 -1989, those who did not reside in a built-up area had an RR for ALL/NHL of 2.0 compared with those who resided in a built-up area (Dickinson and Parker, 1999). Paediatric (ages 0 -15) leukaemia and lymphoma mortality (adjusted for birth density, birth year, and radon exposure) in inner London during 1953 -1980 was significantly lower than in less-urban areas in the UK (RR ¼ 0.80) (Gilman and Knox, 1998). However, the differences in mortality may have reflected higher survival rates in London than in outlying areas.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 93%
“…The nonmetropolitan counties were divided into subgroups based on adjacency to metropolitan areas as well as percentage of population residing in urban areas. None of the previous studies referenced in this paper (McWhirter and Bacon, 1980;Alexander et al, 1990Alexander et al, , 1996Petridou et al, 1997;Gilman and Knox, 1998;Li et al, 1998;Dickinson and Parker, 1999) dealt with the size of populations, but rather with urban/ rural status and distance from urban areas. Therefore, for comparability to previously published studies and to obtain reasonably precise point estimates of incidence rates, we have opted to emphasise the proximity of nonmetropolitan counties to metropolitan areas while collapsing the subcategories of urban population among the nonmetropolitan counties.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 89%
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