Geographical distribution of hepatitis C virus genotypes in blood donors: an international collaborative survey

McOmish, F.; Yap, P.L.; Dow, B. C.; Follett, E. A. C.; Seed, Clive R.; Keller, A. J.; Cobain, T. J.; Krusius, Tom; Kolho, Elina; Naukkarinen, Ruth

doi:10.1128/jcm.32.4.884-892.1994

Cited by 454 publications

(171 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…To investigate cellular toxicity, 2 × 10 4 Huh-7 cells were plated into 96-well plates. After 24 h, different concentrations of Chloroquine and NH 4 Cl were added and the plate was sealed and kept at 37°C in an atmosphere of 5% CO 2 for 24 h. After 24 h, fresh media (100 μl) and MTT solution (5 mg/ml in PBS) were added to all wells in Columns 1-11. Wrapped the plate in aluminium foil and incubated for 3-4 h at 37°C.…”

Section: Cell Proliferation Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To investigate anti-fusion effect of Chloroquine and NH 4 Cl, Huh-7 cells were incubated in the presence or absence of Chloroquine and NH 4 Cl at 37°C for 30 min. After 30 min Huh-7 cells were infected with HCVpp of 3a and 1a genotype in the presence or absence of different concentrations of Chloroquine and NH 4 Cl and incubated for additional 24 h. After 24 h cells were lysed and luciferase activity was determined by using a luminometer.…”

Section: Antiviral Analysis Of Chloroquine and Nh 4 CLmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They occur in different proportion in different parts of the world. Genotype 1a and 1b are the most common genotypes in the United States and Europe [4,5]. The most prevalent HCV genotype in Pakistan is 3a followed by 3b and 1a [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chloroquine, which is widely used for the treatment of malaria, is a well-established inhibitor of autophagic proteolysis which acts by inhibiting acidification of lysosomes and endosomes [14]. It has been reported that lysosomotropic agents such as Chloroquine and NH 4 Cl exert direct antiviral effects on several RNA viruses including coronaviruses, flaviviruses and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) [15][16][17][18]. Moreover, clinical studies have demonstrated the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of lysosomotropic agents in the antiviral treatment of HIV infection [19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lysosomotropic agents as HCV entry inhibitors

Ashfaq

Javed

Rehman

et al. 2011

Virol J

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HCV has two envelop proteins named as E1 and E2 which play an important role in cell entry through two main pathways: direct fusion at the plasma membrane and receptor-mediated endocytosis. Fusion of the HCV envelope proteins is triggered by low pH within the endosome. Lysosomotropic agents (LA) such as Chloroquine and Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) are the weak bases and penetrate in lysosome as protonated form and increase the intracellular pH. To investigate the antiviral effect of LA (Chloroquine and NH4Cl) on pH dependent endocytosis, HCV pseudoparticles (HCVpp) of 1a and 3a genotype were produced and used to infect liver cells. The toxicological effects of Chloroquine and NH4Cl were tested in liver cells through MTT cell proliferation assay. For antiviral screening of Chloroquine and NH4Cl, liver cells were infected with HCVpp of 3a and 1a genotype in the presence or absence of different concentrations of Chloroquine and NH4Cl and there luciferase activity was determined by using a luminometer. The results demonstrated that Chloroquine and NH4Cl showed more than 50% reduction of virus infectivity at 50 μM and 10 mM concentrations respectively. These results suggest that inhibition of HCV at fusion step by increasing the lysosomal pH will be better option to treat chronic HCV.

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Section: Cell Proliferation Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Antiviral Analysis Of Chloroquine and Nh 4 CLmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Lysosomotropic agents as HCV entry inhibitors

Ashfaq

Javed

Rehman

et al. 2011

Virol J

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“…Prevents of the depletion of GSH levels. C. procera contains flavonoids thus it also performs the antioxidant activity (McOmish et al, 1994) Clerodendrum abilioi R. Fern.…”

Section: Flowers Crude Hydro-ethanol Solution Extractmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selected hepatoprotective herbal medicines: Evidence from ethnomedicinal applications, animal models, and possible mechanism of actions

Ali

Khan

Fatima

et al. 2017

Phytotherapy Research

119

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Insight into the hepatoprotective effects of medicinally important plants is important, both for physicians and researchers. Main reasons for the use of herbal medicine include their lesser cost compared with conventional drugs, lesser undesirable drug reactions and thus high safety, and reduced side effects. The present review focuses on the composition, pharmacology, and results of experimental trials of selected medicinal plants: Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn., Glycyrrhiza glabra, Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. & Thonn., Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge., Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge, Capparis spinosa (L.), Cichorium intybus (L.), Solanum nigrum (L.), Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn., Ginkgo biloba (L.), Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz, Vitex trifolia (L.), Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill., Cuscuta chinensis (Lam.), Lycium barbarum, Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels, and Litsea coreana (H. Lev.). The probable modes of action of these plants include immunomodulation, stimulation of hepatic DNA synthesis, simulation of superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase to inhibit oxidation in hepatocytes, reduction of intracellular reactive oxygen species by enhancing levels of antioxidants, suppression of ethanol-induced lipid accumulation, inhibition of nucleic acid polymerases to downregulate viral mRNA transcription and translation, free radical scavenging and reduction of hepatic fibrosis by decreasing the levels of transforming growth factor beta-1, and collagen synthesis in hepatic cells. However, further research is needed to identify, characterize, and standardize the active ingredients, useful compounds, and their preparations for the treatment of liver diseases.

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The Natural History of Hepatitis C Virus Infection

Thomas

Astemborski

Rudra

et al. 2000

JAMA

992

712

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Our results indicate that although HCV infection can be self-limited or associated with ESLD, the majority of adults have persistent viremia without clinically demonstrable liver disease. Further research is needed to explain the less frequent clearance of HCV infection among black persons and to improve utilization of treatment for those infected in the context of injection drug use. JAMA. 2000;284:450-456

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Geographical distribution of hepatitis C virus genotypes in blood donors: an international collaborative survey

Abstract: The frequency of infection with the six classified major genotypes of hepatitis C virus (HCV) was investigated in 447 infected volunteer blood donors from the following nine countries:

Cited by 454 publications

References 34 publications

Lysosomotropic agents as HCV entry inhibitors

Lysosomotropic agents as HCV entry inhibitors

Selected hepatoprotective herbal medicines: Evidence from ethnomedicinal applications, animal models, and possible mechanism of actions

The Natural History of Hepatitis C Virus Infection

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