Geographical Distribution of Perfluorinated Compounds in Fish from Minnesota Lakes and Rivers

Abstract

In response to growing interest in human exposure to perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), the state of Minnesota measured and reported PFC concentrations in fish collected from the Minneapolis-St. Paul area. To better determine the geographical distribution of PFC contamination throughout Minnesota, fish were collected from 59 lakes throughout the state and several areas along the Mississippi River. Composite fish samples were analyzed for 10 PFC analytes by solid-phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). PFOS (perfluorooctanesulfonate) was the most commonly detected PFC, occurring in 73% of fish from the Mississippi River but only 22% of fish from lakes. Fish from Mississippi River Pool 2 near the Minneapolis-St. Paul area had the highest levels of PFOS, whereas locations upstream had PFOS concentrations below 40 ng/g, the concentration at which Minnesota issues "one meal per week" fish consumption advice. Fish from most Minnesota lakes tested (88%) had PFOS concentrations below 3 ng/g. Two lakes, McCarrons and Zumbro, contained fish with PFOS levels above 40 ng/g. The results reported here will help researchers to better understand the extent of PFC contamination in Minnesota fish and evaluate potential sources of contamination and will provide a basis for comprehensive fish consumption advice.

Perfluorinated compounds in estuarine and coastal areas of north Bohai Sea, China

“…4), with a mean of 534 ng/g dw. This concentration was comparable to those observed previously in South Korea, Japan, Brazil, and Germany (Becker Naile et al, 2010;Nakata et al, 2006;Quinete et al, 2009;Taniyasu et al, 2003;Yoo et al, 2009), but generally greater than those previously reported in China, the North American Great Lakes, and Netherlands (Boulanger et al, 2004;Delinsky et al, 2010;Gulkowska et al, 2006;Kwadijk et al, 2010;Shi et al, 2010). These locations have been subjected to anthropogenic influences as a result of rapid urbanization and industrialization.…”

Effects of elevated dissolved carbon dioxide and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid, given singly and in combination, on steroidogenic and biotransformation pathways of Atlantic cod

“…However, the PFOS exposure was performed with shorter duration and lower nominal concentration compared to most of the aforementioned studies. Accumulated levels of PFOS detected in exposed fish in the present study were still considerably higher than what has been detected in biomonitoring studies (Houde et al, 2011) and better represent PFOS burdens detected in fish inhabiting specific highly polluted areas (Delinsky et al, 2010;Moody et al, 2002).…”

Bioaccumulation and risk assessment of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in wild freshwater fish from rivers in the Pearl River Delta region, South China

“…Some previous studies have also reported the occurrence of PFOS in fish globally with the concentrations ranging from a few ng/g to thousands ng/g level (Senthilkumar et al, 2007;Delinsky et al, 2010;Berger et al, 2009;Quinete et al, 2009;Becker et al, 2010;Schuetze et al, 2010;Labadie and Chevreuil, 2011;Malinsky et al, 2011;Murakami et al, 2011;Zhang et al, 2011;Shi et al, 2012;Hloušková et al, 2013), and a comparison of PFOS concentrations in fish is presented in Table S7. In general, the concentrations of PFOS in fish muscle of this region ( o0.03-79 ng/g) are higher than those reported in fish from most Asian countries, such as Vietnam, Malaysia and Beijing of north China, where its concentrations ranged from 0.20 to 2.3 ng/g, and were almost at the same level with those in most European countries, such as Sweden, Czech and Germany (0.97-23 ng/g).…”