Geographical distribution of traits and diversity in the world collection of pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br., synonym: Cenchrus americanus (L.) Morrone] landraces conserved at the ICRISAT genebank

Upadhyaya, Hari D.; Reddy, K. N.; Ahmed, M. Irshad; Kumar, Vinod; Gumma, Murali Krishna; Senthil, R.

doi:10.1007/s10722-016-0442-8

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Such genetic variation could be induced by geographic or environmental isolation of different populations adapted to local conditions and with limited gene flow among them (Kleessen et al 2012;Prunier et al 2017). Several studies documented the geographical patterns of intraspecific differentiation in plant morphology (Pucher et al 2015;Upadhyaya et al 2017) and phytochemical profiles (Bellomo and Fallico 2007;da Silva et al 2017;Masetti et al 2017;Shepherd et al 2017). We hypothesize that the observed trade-off between carotenoids and tocopherols associated with geographical origin could be explained by differential expression of some genes involved in carotenoid, chlorophyll and tocopherol synthesis.…”

Section: Relationships Between Accessions and Trait Correlationsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Association between vitamin content, plant morphology and geographical origin in a worldwide collection of the orphan crop Gynandropsis gynandra (Cleomaceae)

Sogbohossou

Kortekaas²,

Achigan‐Dako

et al. 2019

Planta

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Main conclusion The variability in nutrient content and morphology in Gynandropsis gynandra is associated with the geographic origin of the accessions and provides a basis for breeding for higher levels of vitamin C, carotenoids or tocopherols in higher-yielding cultivars. We examined the variation in carotenoids, tocopherols and ascorbic acid as well as morphological traits in a worldwide germplasm of 76 accessions of the orphan leafy vegetable Gynandropsis gynandra (Cleomaceae) using greenhouse experiments and high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. The levels of carotenoids and tocopherols accumulating in the leaves varied significantly across accessions and were linked with the geographical origin and morphological variation. The main carotenoids included lutein, β-carotene, α-carotene and violaxanthin. A twofold to threefold variation was observed for these compounds. The main tocopherols detected were α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol with a 20-fold variation. A ninefold variation in vitamin C concentration and independent of geographical origin was observed. Overall, the accessions were grouped into three clusters based on variation in nutrient content and morphology. West African accessions were short plants with small leaves and with high tocopherol contents and relatively low carotenoid contents, Asian accessions were short plants with broad leaves and with relatively low carotenoid and high tocopherol contents, while East-Southern African plants were tall with high contents of both carotenoids and chlorophylls and low tocopherol contents. Carotenoids were positively correlated with plant height as well as foliar and floral traits but negatively correlated with tocopherols. The absence of a significant correlation between vitamin C and other traits indicated that breeding for high carotenoids or tocopherols content may be coupled with improved leaf yield and vitamin C content. Our study provides baseline information on the natural variation available for traits of interest for breeding for enhanced crop yield and nutrient content in Gynandropsis gynandra.

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Section: Relationships Between Accessions and Trait Correlationsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Association between vitamin content, plant morphology and geographical origin in a worldwide collection of the orphan crop Gynandropsis gynandra (Cleomaceae)

Sogbohossou

Kortekaas²,

Achigan‐Dako

et al. 2019

Planta

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“…In West Africa, this allogamous cereal is still mainly grown in family farming systems, in rainfed conditions with no additional irrigation, using local varieties (or landraces). High diversity of agro-morphological traits and adaptive traits such as flowering time, photoperiod sensitivity, or drought tolerance exists among and within pearl millet landraces 25 – 27 . Furthermore, pearl millet is adapted to a wide range of climate conditions with annual precipitation ranging from 200 to more than 1000 mm 26 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pearl millet genomic vulnerability to climate change in West Africa highlights the need for regional collaboration

et al. 2020

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Climate change is already affecting agro-ecosystems and threatening food security by reducing crop productivity and increasing harvest uncertainty. Mobilizing crop diversity could be an efficient way to mitigate its impact. We test this hypothesis in pearl millet, a nutritious staple cereal cultivated in arid and low-fertility soils in sub-Saharan Africa. We analyze the genomic diversity of 173 landraces collected in West Africa together with an extensive climate dataset composed of metrics of agronomic importance. Mapping the pearl millet genomic vulnerability at the 2050 horizon based on the current genomic-climate relationships, we identify the northern edge of the current areas of cultivation of both early and late flowering varieties as being the most vulnerable to climate change. We predict that the most vulnerable areas will benefit from using landraces that already grow in equivalent climate conditions today. However, such seed-exchange scenarios will require long distance and trans-frontier assisted migrations. Leveraging genetic diversity as a climate mitigation strategy in West Africa will thus require regional collaboration.

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“…this diversity appears to be stable. For example, Bezançon, Pham, Deu, Vigouroux, and Sagnard (2009) documented a relative stability of pearl millet phenotypic diversity in Niger over 23 yr from 1976-2003. The enormous ICRISAT genebank conserves 23,092 pearl millet germplasm accessions including 809 wild relatives from 52 countries (Upadhyaya et al, 2016). To facilitate accessibility, a core collection with 2094 accessions (Bhattacharjee, Khairwal, Bramel, & Reddy, 2007) and later a minicore collection with 238 accessions (Upadhyaya et al, 2011), covering most of the genetic variance, were developed.…”

Section: Crop Sciencementioning

confidence: 99%

A unified strategy for West African pearl millet hybrid and heterotic group development

Sattler

Haussmann

2020

Crop Science

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Smallholder farmers in Sahelian West Africa (WA) grow pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] as a staple cereal in harsh and highly variable environments, predominantly relying on landraces or open‐pollinated varieties (OPVs) with an average grain yield of 648 kg ha−1 (2017). Encouraging initial results with experimental pearl millet population or topcross hybrids and the available diversity in its WA center of origin offer a great opportunity for a regionally coordinated hybrid breeding approach. This review is therefore meant to summarize information on pearl millet hybrid breeding with emphasis on WA and to suggest a unified strategy as a way forward. Observed average better‐parent heterosis ranged from 4–18% and 0–88% in population and topcross hybrids, respectively, across several studies, and the yield stability was comparable with or better than the parental OPVs. Diversity and combining ability studies pointed at eastern and western WA as promising starting points for systematic development of heterotic groups. Building on respective groups, reciprocal recurrent selection in combination with integration of further adapted genetic resources is recommended to systematically diversify and build up the heterotic parental pools, increase combining ability to the opposite group, and create a continuous output of OPV and hybrid varieties. Molecular markers supporting cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) introgression are available, and genomic tools can improve hybrid prediction. Regarding the unpredictability and intensity of biotic and abiotic stresses, heterogeneous population and topcross hybrids appear most suitable to sustainably increase pearl millet yields and give maximal benefits to WA farmers.

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Geographical distribution of traits and diversity in the world collection of pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br., synonym: Cenchrus americanus (L.) Morrone] landraces conserved at the ICRISAT genebank

Cited by 23 publications

References 28 publications

Association between vitamin content, plant morphology and geographical origin in a worldwide collection of the orphan crop Gynandropsis gynandra (Cleomaceae)

Association between vitamin content, plant morphology and geographical origin in a worldwide collection of the orphan crop Gynandropsis gynandra (Cleomaceae)

Pearl millet genomic vulnerability to climate change in West Africa highlights the need for regional collaboration

A unified strategy for West African pearl millet hybrid and heterotic group development

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