Geographical, Health Systems’ and Sociocultural Patterns of Tb/Hiv Co- Infected Patients’ Health Seeking Behavior in a Conflict Affected Setting: The Case of Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo

Kaboru, Berthollet Bwira

doi:10.4172/2161-0711.1000263

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Any foreigner traveling to the east of the country, mainly, to Goma and Bukavu, had to develop the unusual symptoms attributed to this unknown mythical poison. The patients were cared for only by traditional healers and self-proclaimed toxicologists, presenting themselves as the only specialists in this poison, since this phenomenon was unknown in the hospital [7][8][9].…”

Section: Background 21 Research Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric Pollution and Toxicological Aspects of Helicobacter pylori Infection: Background, Pathophysiology and New Innovative Hypotheses

Ndelo di Phanzu,

Mputu Malolo,

Ndelo Matondo

et al. 2024

Gastric Cancer - Progress and Challenges in the Era of Precision Medicine

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A strange phenomenon characterized by numerous pathologies occurred in DR Congo and in some other countries of Subsaharian Africa since a few decades. While the entire population is convinced of massive poisonings provoked by a ritual poison from the eastern Africa, named Karuho, we incredibly established, since 2010, the responsibility of Helicobacter pylori in the phenomenon, thanks to cross-sectional epidemiological studies. Our findings have been published in international journals and presented in international scientific forums. The purpose of this chapter is to describe the background and conduct of this research, the pathophysiology of the Helicobacter pylori involvement, as well as the new innovative hypotheses on Helicobacter infection generated by this research.

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Section: Background 21 Research Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric Pollution and Toxicological Aspects of Helicobacter pylori Infection: Background, Pathophysiology and New Innovative Hypotheses

Ndelo di Phanzu,

Mputu Malolo,

Ndelo Matondo

et al. 2024

Gastric Cancer - Progress and Challenges in the Era of Precision Medicine

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“…22 A cross-sectional study in the Democratic Republic of Congo found that fear of discrimination and stigmatization, health worker attitudes, availability of both TB and HIV drugs, affected healthcare engagement in people with HIV/TB co-infection. 23 Barriers to healthcare engagement such as stigma are often intersectional and compounded in PLHIV compared with people without HIV (dual stigma for people with HIV/TB co-infection), and also highlight broader health system weaknesses, such as inefficient care delivery processes, gaps in data communication, and infrastructure. 20 TB preventive therapy.…”

Section: Challenges Impacting Healthcare Engagementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Addressing TB-related mortality in adults living with HIV: a review of the challenges and potential solutions

Sullivan

Nathavitharana

2022

Therapeutic Advances in Infection

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Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death in people living with HIV (PLHIV) globally, causing 208,000 deaths in PLHIV in 2019. PLHIV have an 18-fold higher risk of TB, and HIV/TB mortality is highest in inpatient facilities, compared with primary care and community settings. Here we discuss challenges and potential mitigating solutions to address TB-related mortality in adults with HIV. Key factors that affect healthcare engagement are stigma, knowledge, and socioeconomic constraints, which are compounded in people with HIV/TB co-infection. Innovative approaches to improve healthcare engagement include optimizing HIV/TB care integration and interventions to reduce stigma. While early diagnosis of both HIV and TB can reduce mortality, barriers to early diagnosis of TB in PLHIV include difficulty producing sputum specimens, lower sensitivity of TB diagnostic tests in PLHIV, and higher rates of extra pulmonary TB. There is an urgent need to develop higher sensitivity biomarker-based tests that can be used for point-of-care diagnosis. Nonetheless, the implementation and scale-up of existing tests including molecular World Health Organization (WHO)-recommended diagnostic tests and urine lipoarabinomannan (LAM) should be optimized along with expanded TB screening with tools such as C-reactive protein and digital chest radiography. Decreased survival of PLHIV with TB disease is more likely with late HIV diagnosis and delayed start of antiretroviral (ART) treatment. The WHO now recommends starting ART within 2 weeks of initiating TB treatment in the majority of PLHIV, aside from those with TB meningitis. Dedicated TB treatment trials focused on PLHIV are needed, including interventions to improve TB meningitis outcomes given its high mortality, such as the use of intensified regimens using high-dose rifampin, new and repurposed drugs such as linezolid, and immunomodulatory therapy. Ultimately holistic, high-quality, person-centered care is needed for PLHIV with TB throughout the cascade of care, which should address biomedical, socioeconomic, and psychological barriers.

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“…However, in DRC, intentional poisonings seem to be a common form of murder using Karuho poison that is usually a mixture of two or more substances especially made from some reptiles like the Chameleon or lizards, toads/frogs, human placenta, Amanita species of mushroom, Datura species of plants heavy metals including arsenic cadmium and mercury [2], glass powders and many others are used. The practice of Karuho poisoning is very common in the different regions of DRC that are affected by war and conflicts such as Goma city and its surrounding areas that have been affected by various types of homicide ranging from army confrontations, rape, massacre, poisoning and war crimes [3]. According to popular belief in North Kivu province, Karuho poisoning is practiced by unscrupulous individuals who incorporate it in the food or beverages which is intended for a victim.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood Chemistry and Major Body Organ Induced-Toxicity by Locally-Made Traditional OMGKRP Karuho Poison in Wistar Albino Rats

Kyolo¹,

Odda²,

Lubega³

et al. 2019

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OMGKRP is one of various Karuho poison mysteriously used by unscrupulous individuals to kill people during conflict and animals in Goma City, in DRC. The symptoms and signs of most cases are usually confused with many chronic diseases like tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS; with renal, hepatic and cardiac manifestations as well as blood chemistry changes. The study investigated the toxic effect of OMGKRP poison on blood chemistry, serum enzymes and organ toxicity including the kidney, lung, liver and heart of Wistar albino rats. A laboratory-based experimental study was conducted. Fifty animals in 5 groups each with 10 animals were dosed daily for 28 days with 1.0 mg, 5.0 mg, 20.0 mg and 5000.0 mg/Kg body weight of OMGKRP and normal saline as control group. International standard guidelines, OECD 407 and NIH 2011 were followed during the study period. The blood chemistry analysis, relative organ weight and histopathological changes in the kidney, lung, liver and heart were performed. The findings showed that OMGKRP was associated with increased blood chemistry parameters including total proteins, creatinine, urea, K + levels, direct albumin levels, a decrease in Cl − levels and albumin levels. Histopathological findings showed an increased relative weight and tissue damages of the lung, kidney, liver and heart. Therefore, OMGKRP Karuho poison caused toxicity on blood chemistry, serum enzymes as well as histopathological changes in the lung, renal, hepatic and cardiac tissue damages in Wistar albino rats.

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Geographical, Health Systems’ and Sociocultural Patterns of Tb/Hiv Co- Infected Patients’ Health Seeking Behavior in a Conflict Affected Setting: The Case of Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo

Cited by 4 publications

References 19 publications

Atmospheric Pollution and Toxicological Aspects of Helicobacter pylori Infection: Background, Pathophysiology and New Innovative Hypotheses

Atmospheric Pollution and Toxicological Aspects of Helicobacter pylori Infection: Background, Pathophysiology and New Innovative Hypotheses

Addressing TB-related mortality in adults living with HIV: a review of the challenges and potential solutions

Blood Chemistry and Major Body Organ Induced-Toxicity by Locally-Made Traditional OMGKRP Karuho Poison in Wistar Albino Rats

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