Geographical patterns of Kaposi’s sarcoma, nonHodgkin lymphomas, and cervical cancer associated with HIV infection in five African populations

Chaabna, Karima; Boniol, Mathieu; Vuyst, Hugo De; Vanhems, Philippe; Vitória, Marco Antônio de Ávila; Curado, María Paula

doi:10.1097/cej.0b013e32834a802a

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Pooled mean anti-HCV prevalence among subpopulations with liver-related conditions was estimated at 74.0% (95% CI = 67.1–80.3%) among hepatocellular carcinoma patients, 65.6% (95% CI = 60.9–70.2%) among liver disease patients, 66.0% (95% CI = 45.9–83.6%) among liver cirrhosis patients, 18.1% (95% CI = 11.4–25.8%) among viral hepatitis patients, and 35.3% (95% CI = 17.5–55.4%) among non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma patients (included as “liver-related” because of potential link to HCV infection 33 , 34 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Populations with liver-related conditions: these include patients with liver-related conditions of an epidemiological significance to HCV infection such as patients with chronic liver disease, acute viral hepatitis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver cirrhosis, among others. This category includes also non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma patients because of potential link to HCV infection 33 , 34 . Special clinical populations: these include patients whose risk of exposure to HCV is uncertain such as patients with non-liver related malignancies, dermatological manifestations, and rheumatological disorders, among others.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterizing hepatitis C virus epidemiology in Egypt: systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and meta-regressions

Kouyoumjian

Chemaitelly

Abu‐Raddad

2018

Sci Rep

167

173

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Egypt is the most affected nation by hepatitis C virus (HCV) and needs a comprehensive characterization of HCV epidemiology to inform the scale-up of treatment and prevention programs. Systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and meta-regressions were conducted. A total of 25 incidence, 259 prevalence, and 47 genotype studies were identified. Incidence and prevalence levels were high across all populations. Genotype 4 accounted for 94.1% of infections with a relative Shannon Diversity Index of only 14.4%. Pooled mean HCV prevalence was estimated at 11.9% (95% CI = 11.1–12.6%) among the general population, 55.6% (95% CI = 49.4–61.7%) among populations at high risk, 14.3% (95% CI = 10.3–18.8%) among populations at intermediate risk, 56.0% (95% CI = 50.4–61.6%) among populations with liver-related conditions, and 35.0% (95% CI = 27.3–43.1%) among special clinical populations. Mean HCV viremic rate was estimated at 66.7% (95% CI = 61.7–71.5%). Meta-regression indicated 6% lower odds for HCV prevalence for each one-year increment in publication year (AOR = 0.94; 95% CI = 0.92–0.96). HCV prevalence is high with evidence for ongoing transmission mainly through healthcare. Genotype diversity is low with genotype 4 dominance. Two-thirds of antibody-positive Egyptians are chronically infected and need treatment. Clinical populations should be prioritized for screening. Despite the large-scale epidemic, prevalence appears to be declining rapidly consistent with a contracting epidemic.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterizing hepatitis C virus epidemiology in Egypt: systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and meta-regressions

Kouyoumjian

Chemaitelly

Abu‐Raddad

2018

Sci Rep

167

173

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“…Patients with liver cirrhosis are at 1%-5% annual risk of HCC and a 3%-6% annual risk of hepatic decompensation[ 68 ]. As such, a long period with non-specific symptoms passes before manifestations of HCV-related hepatic and extra-hepatic dysfunctions occur[ 69 ], which may then lead to the diagnosis of HCV infection. The distributions of these dysfunctions and diseases reflect past HCV infection transmission[ 69 , 70 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic overview of hepatitis C infection in the Middle East and North Africa

Chaabna¹,

Cheema²,

Abraham³

et al. 2018

WJG

Self Cite

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AIMTo assess the quality of and to critically synthesize the available data on hepatitis C infections in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region to map evidence gaps.METHODSWe conducted an overview of systematic reviews (SRs) following an a priori developed protocol (CRD42017076736). Our overview followed the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines for reporting SRs and abstracts and did not receive any funding. Two independent reviewers systematically searched MEDLINE and conducted a multistage screening of the identified articles. Out of 5758 identified articles, 37 SRs of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in populations living in 20 countries in the MENA region published between 2008 and 2016 were included in our overview. The nine primary outcomes of interest were HCV antibody (anti-) prevalences and incidences in different at-risk populations; the HCV viremic (RNA positive) rate in HCV-positive individuals; HCV viremic prevalence in the general population (GP); the prevalence of HCV co-infection with the hepatitis B virus, human immunodeficiency virus, or schistosomiasis; the HCV genotype/subtype distribution; and the risk factors for HCV transmission. The conflicts of interest declared by the authors of the SRs were also extracted. Good quality outcomes reported by the SRs were defined as having the population, outcome, study time and setting defined as recommended by the PICOTS framework and a sample size > 100.RESULTSWe included SRs reporting HCV outcomes with different levels of quality and precision. A substantial proportion of them synthesized data from mixed populations at differing levels of risk for acquiring HCV or at different HCV infection stages (recent and prior HCV transmissions). They also synthesized the data over long periods of time (e.g., two decades). Anti-HCV prevalence in the GP varied widely in the MENA region from 0.1% (study dates not reported) in the United Arab Emirates to 2.1%-13.5% (2003-2006) in Pakistan and 14.7% (2008) in Egypt. Data were not identified for Bahrain, Jordan, or Palestine. Good quality estimates of anti-HCV prevalence in the GP were reported for Algeria, Djibouti, Egypt, Iraq, Morocco, Pakistan, Syria, Sudan, Tunisia, and Yemen. Anti-HCV incidence estimates in the GP were reported only for Egypt (0.8-6.8 per 1000 person-year, 1997-2003). In Egypt, Morocco, and the United Arab Emirates, viremic rates in anti-HCV-positive individuals from the GP were approximately 70%. In the GP, the viremic prevalence varied from 0.7% (2011) in Saudi Arabia to 5.8% (2007-2008) in Pakistan and 10.0% (2008) in Egypt. Anti-HCV prevalence was lower in blood donors than in the GP, ranging from 0.2% (1992-1993) in Algeria to 1.7% (2005) in Yemen. The reporting quality of the outcomes in blood donors was good in the MENA countries, except in Qatar where no time framework was reported for the outcome. Some countries had anti-HCV prevalence estimates for children, transfused patients, contacts of HCV-infected patients, prisoners, sex workers, ...

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“…This may explain the increasing incidence of SCCC reported in Sub-Saharan Africa (Wabinga et al , 2000), along with the increasing importance of the HIV/ AIDS epidemic, whereas the frequency of other cancers also considered to be associated with HIV infection was not found to follow the pattern of HIV prevalence in five African populations (Chaabna et al , 2012). Infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV) has also been described as a risk factor for SCCC, although the available evidence is conflicting (Tornesello et al , 2006; De Koning et al , 2008; Ateenyi-Agaba et al , 2010), and SCCC is not always considered among the most important HPV-related cancers (De Souza et al , 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human papillomaviruses in intraepithelial neoplasia and squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva

Carrilho

Gouveia²,

Yokohama³

et al. 2013

European Journal of Cancer Prevention

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The infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) has been described as a risk factor for squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva (SCCC), although the evidence is conflicting. To assess the relation between HPV infection and intraepithelial neoplasia or SCCC, we evaluated archived material from biopsies of the conjunctiva performed at the Maputo Central Hospital (Mozambique) in patients with suspected eye cancer. The quality of DNA was assessed by PCR using β-globin-specific primers. A total of 22 consecutive biopsies (intraepithelial neoplasia, SCCC, and benign conditions) positive for β-globin were further tested for HPV infection by PCR using the general primers GP5 + /GP6 + and CPI/CPII. In addition, PCR with type-specific primers HPV 16 and HPV 18 was performed. Nineteen biopsies corresponded to intraepithelial neoplasia (two low-grade and nine high-grade) or SCCC (n = 8), from which 11 (57.9%) tested positive for HPV infection; nine were positive for CPI/CPII, including one case also positive for GP5 + /GP6 + and HPV 18, and the remaining two tested positive only for HPV 16. HPV DNA was not detected in any of the three biopsies of benign conditions. These results suggest a stronger association between infection with cutaneous HPV and SCCC than for mucosal HPV. However, further research is required to clarify the relation between HPV and SCCC as well as to understand the potential of the HPV vaccine currently available for cervical cancer to prevent SCCC.

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Geographical patterns of Kaposi’s sarcoma, nonHodgkin lymphomas, and cervical cancer associated with HIV infection in five African populations

Cited by 9 publications

References 37 publications

Characterizing hepatitis C virus epidemiology in Egypt: systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and meta-regressions

Characterizing hepatitis C virus epidemiology in Egypt: systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and meta-regressions

Systematic overview of hepatitis C infection in the Middle East and North Africa

Human papillomaviruses in intraepithelial neoplasia and squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva

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