Geographical prevalence of two types of Epstein-Barr virus

Zimber, Ursula; Adldinger, H. K.; Lenoir, Gilbert; Vuillaume, M; Knebel‐Doeberitz, Magnus von; Laux, Gerhard; Des̀granges, Claude; Wittmann, Peter; Freese, Ulrich Karl; Schneider, Ulrich; Bornkamm, Georg W.

doi:10.1016/0042-6822(86)90429-0

Cited by 274 publications

(168 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The reasons for this discrepancy are obscure. EBV type A has been considered the prevalent strain in western countries, while EBV type B has been found mainly in central Africa and New Guinea where Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) in endemic (Zimber et al, 1986;Young et al, 1987). Recently however, Sixbey et al (1989) demonstrated that EBV type B was also widespread in a healthy population in the USA, and appeared to be more frequently isolated from immunosuppressed individuals.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two strains of EBV have been described which differ in their biological properties and can be distinguished immunologically and molecularly on the basis of differences in the EBNA 2 and EBNA 3 genes (Zimber et al, 1986;Sample et al, 1990). EBV type B which yields transformed cell lines readily than EBV type A in vitro (Rickinson et al, 1987), has been considered rare in Western populations, though recent data suggest that type B virus may be widely distributed in the West (Sixbey et al, 1989).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Viral involvement in Hodgkin's disease: detection of clonal type A Epstein-Barr virus genomes in tumour samples

Gledhill

Gallagher²,

Jones³

et al. 1991

Br J Cancer

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Summary Thirty-five cases of Hodgkin's disease (HD) were analysed for the presence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) DNA. EBV genomes were detected in 11/35 cases while none of the cases was positive for HHV-6. Ten of the EBV-positive cases were subsequently analysed using a probe for the terminal region of the virus; the results suggested that the EBV-infected cells were clonally expanded. EBV subtype specific DNA amplification was used to demonstrate that EBV subtype A, and not subtype B was present in the EBV-positive cases. The age distribution of the EBV-positive cases indicated a statistically significant trend for an increase in positivity with increasing age. This is the first indication that EBV is significantly associated with any subset of HD patients.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral involvement in Hodgkin's disease: detection of clonal type A Epstein-Barr virus genomes in tumour samples

Gledhill

Gallagher²,

Jones³

et al. 1991

Br J Cancer

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“…Recently, Rowe et al (1989) showed that the distinction between the two types extends beyond the EBNA 2 gene to the EBNA 3 family of proteins. Whereas type B virus was previously found mainly in equatorial Africa (Zimber et al, 1986) recent findings indicate that this type is also widespread in other …”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

“…However, type A and type B isolates differ in their biological properties as type B virus has a markedly reduced ability to transform B lymphocytes (Rickinson et al, 1987) and seems to show a different tissue tropism (Sixbey et al, 1989); so far, however, it is unknown whether these two types also possess a different pathogenic potential. Identification of type A and type B isolates is usually accomplished by Southern blot analysis of viral DNA (Zimber et al, 1986;Sixbey et al, 1989) or by immunoblotting of lysates of EBV infected cells with specific antisera (Rickinson et al, 1987). In this paper we are presenting a method of typing EBV by PCR using EBNA 2A and 2B gene specific primer pairs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of type A and B isolates of Epstein-Barr virus by polymerase chain reaction

Jilg

Sieger

Alliger

et al. 1990

Journal of Virological Methods

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SummaryA method is described for the identification of type A and type B isolates of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) by means of the polymerase chain reaction. The use of three pairs of primers specific for genomic sequences coding for the two forms of EBV nuclear antigen (EBNA), 2A and 2B, and for a DNA sequence from the BamZ/BamR region allows the reliable and rapid detection of type A and B viruses in as little as 1000 EBV positive cells.Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), type A and B; Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen (EBNA) 2A and 2B; Polymerase chain reaction Two types, A and B, of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) have been identified which show DNA sequence divergence within the BamHI WYH region of the genome. This region encodes for the Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA 2) which accordingly exists as two antigenically different alleles, EBNA 2A and EBNA 2B. Recently, Rowe et al. (1989) showed that the distinction between the two types extends beyond the EBNA 2 gene to the EBNA 3 family of proteins. Whereas type B virus was previously found mainly in equatorial Africa (Zimber et al., 1986) recent findings indicate that this type is also widespread in other

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“…Variants are seen but these are often based on geographic separation rather than on diversification within a given host population. Thus, it is possible to distinguish different geographical strains of rabies virus by monoclonal antibodies [4], strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by phage typing [5], and strains of herpesviruses by restriction enzyme analysis [6,7]. Apart from this, systemic infectious agents such as measles, rubella, mumps, typhoid, syphilis, hepatitis A and B, may show minor variations but tend to be monotypic in the sense that infection with a given strain confers resistance to other strains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The origin of major human infections and the crucial role of person-to-person spread

Mims

1991

Epidemiol. Infect.

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In discussions of the origin of new infectious diseases, prominence is usually given to dramatic infections acquired from animals (Lassa fever, Marburg and Ebola viruses) or from the environment (legionellosis). But these infections do not spread from human to human, and their impact on mankind can never be catastrophic. If a new infectious agent is to pose a major threat to the human species, it will need to kill tens or hundreds of millions of people over a short period of time (a few years), before vaccines and antimicrobial agents can be developed or effective blocks to transmission established. The 1918 influenza pandemic (total deaths about 20 million) almost came into this world-shaking category, but many of the deaths were presumably due to secondary bacterial pneumonia and this was the pre-antibiotic era. A similar airborne pandemic occurring today could spread globally within weeks by air transport and would have a greater impact. Smallpox arose long before the world became one from an infectious disease point of view, and although it caused devastating epidemics it did not have the opportunity to develop into the ‘major threat’ category. A significant proportion of people recovered, less virulent strains of virus (variola minor) appeared, and an effective vaccine not only kept it under control in many continents but finally eliminated it from the world. The plague (Yersinia pestis) influenced the course of history in Asia and Europe [1] but oven in its respiratory form could not in those days be transferred rapidly from continent to continent.

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Geographical prevalence of two types of Epstein-Barr virus

Cited by 274 publications

References 37 publications

Viral involvement in Hodgkin's disease: detection of clonal type A Epstein-Barr virus genomes in tumour samples

Viral involvement in Hodgkin's disease: detection of clonal type A Epstein-Barr virus genomes in tumour samples

Identification of type A and B isolates of Epstein-Barr virus by polymerase chain reaction

The origin of major human infections and the crucial role of person-to-person spread

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