Geographical variation in relative risks associated with heat: Update of Spain's Heat Wave Prevention Plan

Díaz, J.; Carmona, Rocı́o; Mirón, I.J.; Ortíz, Cristina; León, Inmaculada; Linares, Cristina

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2015.09.022

Cited by 101 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Cold waves could be defined in a similar way to heat waves. There are potentially many ways to define cold waves in the literature (Anderson and Bell 2009; Anderson and Bell 2011; Bobb and others 2014a; Diaz and others 2015; Tong and others 2014; Xu and others 2016). We made use of one of the most widely used approach combining a temperature test and a duration test.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating and projecting the effect of cold waves on mortality in 209 US cities

Yan

Shi

Zanobetti

et al. 2016

Environment International

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The frequency, duration, and intensity of cold waves are expected to decrease in the near future under the changing climate. However, there is a lack of understanding on future mortality related to cold waves. The present study conducted a large-scale national projection to estimate future mortality attributable to cold waves during 1960–2050 in 209 US cities. Cold waves were defined as two, three, or at least four consecutive days with daily temperature lower than the 5th percentile of temperatures in each city. The lingering period of a cold wave was defined as the non-cold wave days within seven days following that cold wave period. First, with 168 million residents in 209 US cities during 1962–2006, we fitted over-dispersed Poisson regressions to estimate the immediate and lingering effects of cold waves on mortality and tested if the associations were modified by the duration of cold waves, the intensity of cold waves, and mean winter temperature (MWT). Then we projected future mortality related to cold waves using 20 downscaled climate models. Here we show that the cold waves (both immediate and lingering) were associated with an increased but small risk of mortality. The associations varied substantially across climate regions. The risk increased with the duration and intensity of cold waves but decreased with MWT. The projected mortality related to cold waves would decrease from 1960 to 2050. Such a decrease, however, is also small and may not be able to offset the potential increase in heat-related deaths.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating and projecting the effect of cold waves on mortality in 209 US cities

Yan

Shi

Zanobetti

et al. 2016

Environment International

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“…Vulnerability to the UHI effect is determined by a combination of factors, such as higher temperatures and climatological trends, demographic factors, quality of life and other socio-economic components, as well as by urban design characteristics [2,3,11,[38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47]. Therefore, data from the study area were classified according to three sets: climatic conditions/environmental data, including temperature, humidity, wind, rising sea levels, air pollutants; demographic data, including population change, demographic and socio-economic structure; and urban form data, including layout plan, building characteristics, land uses, densities, open spaces/Green Infrastructure.…”

Section: Data Analysis and Methods For The Definition Of The Vulnerabmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The municipality featured a small increase in the population of small children (0-4 years old) in the period 2001-2011. Both of these groups are considered to be particularly exposed and sensitive to the impacts of climate change and find it harder to adapt [2,12,41,[43][44][45][46][47][51][52][53]. The composition of population by sex was not examined as a variable, since the relevant studies report conflicting evidence [40,45,47].…”

Section: Climatic Conditions/environmental Data and Demographic Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Special consideration has been given to the uncovered parts of blocks, which have been redesigned as obligatory private green space, to create corridors for easing the air flow ( Figure 6). Urban design measures, such as the use of heat-absorbent construction materials and structures and the increase of the albedo of buildings and pavements, can contribute to reduce the local temperature [2,43].…”

Section: Redesigning the Land Use And Layout Plan Of The Vulnerable Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adaptation to Climate Change through Spatial Planning in Compact Urban Areas: A Case Study in the City of Thessaloniki

Yiannakou

Salata

2017

Sustainability

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Abstract:One of the problems urban areas are facing is the coupled effect of climate change and the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect. This article attempts to demonstrate the potential of spatial planning to reduce the UHI effect and, hence, to contribute to climate change adaptation in compact urban areas. After a brief review of the relevant literature, the article focuses on one case study within the compact urban area of the city of Thessaloniki. The geographical, socio-economic and urban form data of the study area and its subsequent vulnerability to UHI were initially assessed. Based on these features, a local spatial planning strategy is proposed, and the study proceeds to a detailed amendment of the land use plan, within part of the vulnerable zone. This takes into account the existing urban form, the lack of resources and the availability of the spatial planning tools within the Greek spatial planning system. The main purpose of this article is to highlight the fact that, even in urban areas where the potential for intervention seems to be marginal, because of their existing form, the complexities of the local planning system and resource limitations, improvements to the UHI effect and adaptation to climate change can be achieved by better land use planning and urban design.

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“…First, UHI intensity was considered as it introduces relevant differences in microclimate conditions that have great impact on housing thermal performance. The presence of people over 65 was also considered a key parameter as health risks increase in people over 65 [39]. On the other hand, the energy price factor was not included in the study.…”

Section: Indicators Selection and Regional Scopementioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing population vulnerability towards summer energy poverty: Case studies of Madrid and London

Sánchez

Peiró

Taylor

et al. 2019

Energy and Buildings

125

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Climate change is expected to increase the frequency and duration of hot weather and its associated adverse health effects. In dense urban areas, these phenomena will be exacerbated by the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect and indoor overheating. This paper assesses population exposure and vulnerability to high summer temperatures by exploring the geospatial connection between the UHI, housing energy efficiency and overheating risk, and social vulnerability indicators, such as income and the elderly population. Focusing on Madrid and London, two European cities with strong UHIs but contrasting drivers of indoor heat risk, the spatial distribution of selected indicators were analysed by means of Geographical Information Systems, and areas with the highest vulnerability towards summer energy poverty were identified. It was found that while 'hot and vulnerable' areas are present in both Madrid and London, there are significant differences in climate, socioeconomic distribution and housing between the two cities. In warmer climates such as Madrid, energy poverty-traditionally defined by wintertime heating-requires its definition to be broadened to include summertime cooling needs; in the context of climate change and urban warming trends, this may soon also be the case in northern cities such as London.

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Geographical variation in relative risks associated with heat: Update of Spain's Heat Wave Prevention Plan

Cited by 101 publications

References 47 publications

Estimating and projecting the effect of cold waves on mortality in 209 US cities

Estimating and projecting the effect of cold waves on mortality in 209 US cities

Adaptation to Climate Change through Spatial Planning in Compact Urban Areas: A Case Study in the City of Thessaloniki

Assessing population vulnerability towards summer energy poverty: Case studies of Madrid and London

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