Geographical variation of the genes controlling hybrid breakdown and genetic differentiation of the chromosomal regions harboring these genes in Asian cultivated rice, Oryza sativa L.

Fukuoka, Shuichi; Namai, Hyoji; Okuno, Kazutoshi

doi:10.1266/ggs.73.211

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Such hybrid seedling lethality and other similar phenomena are observed in F 1 hybrid seedlings. When F 1 hybrids are normal but their F 2 and later progeny contain individuals showing seedling lethality, this phenomenon is called hybrid breakdown (hybrid breakdown is also used to refer sterility in such a generation) ( Fukuoka et al., 1998 ; Plötner et al., 2017 ; Matsubara, 2020 ). The molecular mechanism of hybrid seedling lethality has been unknown for a long time and has only recently become somewhat clear.…”

Section: Hybrid Seedling Lethalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding and overcoming hybrid lethality in seed and seedling stages as barriers to hybridization and gene flow

Shiragaki

Tezuka³

2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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Hybrid lethality is a type of reproductive isolation barrier observed in two developmental stages, hybrid embryos (hybrid seeds) and hybrid seedlings. Hybrid lethality has been reported in many plant species and limits distant hybridization breeding including interspecific and intergeneric hybridization, which increases genetic diversity and contributes to produce new germplasm for agricultural purposes. Recent studies have provided molecular and genetic evidence suggesting that underlying causes of hybrid lethality involve epistatic interaction of one or more loci, as hypothesized by the Bateson–Dobzhansky–Muller model, and effective ploidy or endosperm balance number. In this review, we focus on the similarities and differences between hybrid seed lethality and hybrid seedling lethality, as well as methods of recovering seed/seedling activity to circumvent hybrid lethality. Current knowledge summarized in our article will provides new insights into the mechanisms of hybrid lethality and effective methods for circumventing hybrid lethality.

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Section: Hybrid Seedling Lethalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding and overcoming hybrid lethality in seed and seedling stages as barriers to hybridization and gene flow

Shiragaki

Tezuka³

2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…Hwa, Hwc and Hwi1 are reported as F1 hybrid weakness genes (Kuboyama et al, 2009;Ichitani et al, 2011;Chen et al, 2014). Duplicate recessive genes such as hwb1/hwb2 (Oka, 1957), hwd1/hwd2 (Fukuoka, Namai and Okuno, 1998) and hwe1/hwe2 (Kubo and Yoshimura, 2002) are known as causal genes for F2 hybrid weakness. Further analyses of Hbd2/Hbd3 (Yamamoto et al, 2007;, Hwi1/Hwi2 (Chen et al, 2014) and Hwc3 (Nadir et al, 2019) revealed that deleterious interactions between these genes cause an autoimmune response.…”

Section: Genetic Factors Affecting Sterility and Weakness In Hybridis...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biology of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius)

2022

Harmonisation of Regulatory Oversight in Biotechnology

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From their first commercialisation in the mid-1990s, genetically engineered crops (also known as "transgenic" or "genetically modified" plants) have been approved for commercial release in an increasing number of countries, for planting, entering in the composition of foods and feeds, or use in industrial processing. The majority of these productions are for soybean, maize, cotton and rapeseed (canola) bearing pest resistance and herbicide tolerance traits, aiming to improve yields and reduce the costs of production. Other transgenic crops that are increasingly grown to date comprise lucerne (alfalfa), sugar beet, sugarcane, papaya, safflower, potato, eggplant, as well as pumpkin, apple and pineapple in smaller areas. Other traits are increasingly introduced in engineered plants, adapting them to biotic or abiotic stress, such as resistance to drought or tolerance to salt in the growing environment, or changing a characteristic, e.g. modified oil content, reduced lignin content, non-browning or nutritional quality (biofortification). Thus, transgenic crops, where adopted and available on the market, enlarge possibilities for farmers, industry and consumers. They can play a part in addressing global concerns such as the rising need for food and feed in the growing population context or the necessary adaptation of agriculture for better resilience to climate change.Modern biotechnologies are applied to plants (crops, flowers and trees) but also animals and micro-organisms. The safety of the resulting genetically engineered organisms, when released in the environment for their use in agriculture, forestry, fishery, the food and feed industry, biofuel production or other applications, represents a challenging issue. A scientifically sound approach to their risk assessment should inform biosafety regulators and support national decisions regarding their possible market release. Genetically engineered products are rigorously assessed by their developers during their elaboration and by governments when ready for commercial use, to ensure high safety standards for the environment, human food and animal feed. Such assessments are considered essential for healthy and sustainable agriculture, industry and trade.In 2019, according to the annual report of the International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications, the five main producers of genetically engineered crops were the United States, Brazil, Argentina, Canada and India (listed by decreasing area) covering a combined 170 million hectares representing more than 90% of the global transgenic crop area. Among the 29 countries having grown genetically engineered crops in that year, 9 of them were OECD countries, listed by decreasing area as follows: the

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Genetic basis of hybrid breakdown in a Japonica/Indica cross of rice, Oryza sativa L.

Kubo

Yoshimura

2002

Theor Appl Genet

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Reproductive barriers often arise in hybrid progeny between two varietal groups of Asian cultivated rice ( Oryza sativa L.), Japonica and Indica. Hybrid breakdown showing poor growth habit, and complete sterility was found in the backcrossed progeny derived from a cross between a Japonica variety, Asominori, and an Indica variety, IR24. We employed RFLP analysis in the segregating population to study the genetic basis underlying hybrid breakdown. It was found that the hybrid breakdown is caused by a set of two nuclear genes, which were symbolized as hwe1 and hwe2. The parental varieties, Asominori and IR24, carry hwe1(+) hwe1(+) hwe2hwe2 and hwe1hwe1hwe2(+) hwe2(+) genotypes, respectively, whereas the progenies that showed a weakness performance carry the double recessive genotype ( hwe1hwe1hwe2hwe2). Abnormality was not observed in the progenies that carry the other genotypes, indicating that a single dominant allele at either locus is necessary for normal growth. Based on linkage analysis with RFLP markers, the hwe1 locus was located between RFLP markers R1869 and S1437 on chromosome 12 and the hwe2 locus was located between R3192 and C1211 on chromosome 1. The genetic basis was reconfirmed using near-isogenic lines carrying the genes with reciprocal genetic backgrounds. The present study provides clear evidence, viewed by previous workers, that hybrid breakdown is attributed to complementary genes from both parents.

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Geographical variation of the genes controlling hybrid breakdown and genetic differentiation of the chromosomal regions harboring these genes in Asian cultivated rice, Oryza sativa L.

Cited by 5 publications

References 15 publications

Understanding and overcoming hybrid lethality in seed and seedling stages as barriers to hybridization and gene flow

Understanding and overcoming hybrid lethality in seed and seedling stages as barriers to hybridization and gene flow

Biology of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius)

Genetic basis of hybrid breakdown in a Japonica/Indica cross of rice, Oryza sativa L.

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