Geohelminthic infections associated with raw wastewater reuse for agricultural purposes in Beni-Mellal, Morocco

Habbari, Khalid; Tifnouti, A.; Bitton, Gabriel; Mandil, Ahmed

doi:10.1016/s1383-5769(99)00026-4

Cited by 53 publications

(34 citation statements)

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“…infection in adults above 15 years of age in the exposed group (4.3%) was much lower than what was found in the present study in Vietnam. Living in a wastewater using area was also found to be associated with ascariasis, but not with trichuriasis, in children in Morocco (Habbari et al 2000). That study also found low intensities of the helminth infections in wastewater as well as non-wastewater areas.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Low risk for helminth infection in wastewater-fed rice cultivation in Vietnam

Trang

Hoek

Cam

et al. 2006

Journal of Water and Health

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This study was done to assess the risk of helminth infection in association with wastewater-fed rice cultivation in an agricultural setting of Nam Dinh city, Vietnam. In a cross sectional survey data were collected for 202 households in a commune where wastewater was used for irrigation and for 201 households in a commune that used river water. Parasitological examination was conducted on single stool samples obtained from 1,088 individuals aged ≥15 years from the households. The irrigation water used in both communes was enumerated for helminth eggs and thermotolerant coliforms. The prevalence of infection with Ascaris spp., Trichuris spp., and hookworm was 42.2%, 19.9% and 10.5% respectively, with an overall prevalence of infection with any helminth of 53.4%. Surprisingly, the prevalence of infection with Ascaris and Trichuris was lower among people exposed to wastewater (containing 40–200 helminth eggs/l and 104 thermotolerant coliforms/100 ml) compared to people exposed to river water that contained lower worm egg and bacterial numbers. Poor sanitation and hygiene practices and not using protective measures were important independent risk factors for helminth infection. For hookworm infection, no significant difference was observed between the wastewater exposed and unexposed groups. Children living in the wastewater use area had a significantly better nutritional status than those in the area using river water. This suggests a generally higher welfare level of the wastewater use area. In conclusion, this study showed no evidence that rice cultivation with wastewater poses a risk for helminth infection. More detailed studies are needed on the reduction of fecal indicators and helminth eggs in peri-urban wastewater-irrigated rice culture systems and on the relative importance of wastewater irrigation compared to other risk factors for human helminth infection such as poor sanitation and poverty.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Low risk for helminth infection in wastewater-fed rice cultivation in Vietnam

Trang

Hoek

Cam

et al. 2006

Journal of Water and Health

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“…Farmers were well aware about health related problems and negative effects of wastewater on crops and underground water (Habbari et al, 2000). About 94% of the farmers were using municipal water supply for drinking, while 6% were using underground water sources.…”

Section: Available Water For Drinking and Irrigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socio-economic background of wastewater irrigation and bioaccumulation of heavy metals in crops and vegetables

Raja

Cheema

Babar

et al. 2015

Agricultural Water Management

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“…agriculture) has been associated with greater risk of contracting malaria, especially in rural areas 34 . Studies have shown a greater risk of Geohelminthiases in people carrying out agricultural activities due to their constant contact with the soil 35 . Using protection against malaria: Practices such as using mosquito netting, impregnated hammocks 33 , and the type of roof used on the housing are some of the most important protection measures for preventing malaria 36 ; such practices are directly related to education, culture and availability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validez de los estudios de asociación entre geohelmintos e incidencia de malaria: ¿Debería impactar las políticas de salud?

Fernández

Idrovo

Cucunubá

et al. 2008

Rev. bras. epidemiol.

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Introduction: The global distribution of malaria and soil-transmitted helminths is widely overlapped. Some studies suggest a possible association between helminth infection and incidence of malaria. Objectives: To identify the available epidemiologic evidence and to assess the validity of these studies. Methods: A systematic review was carried out in specialized databases. The studies identified were critically analyzed and ranked according to the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force's classification. The major methodological limitations of each study were identified. Results: Six studies on the topic were found. Only two studies had a high evidence level (level I), three had level II-2, and one had level III-3. There are important methodological limitations for clarifying the association between soiltransmitted helminths and the incidence of malaria. Conclusion: It is too early to discuss the potential public health implications of these findings, given the lack of studies and limited validity of the evidence available. Further studies with new methodological considerations could improve the knowledge on the association. However, it is more important to carry out actions on structural determinants to control and prevent the occurrence of both diseases.

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Geohelminthic infections associated with raw wastewater reuse for agricultural purposes in Beni-Mellal, Morocco

Cited by 53 publications

References 1 publication

Low risk for helminth infection in wastewater-fed rice cultivation in Vietnam

Low risk for helminth infection in wastewater-fed rice cultivation in Vietnam

Socio-economic background of wastewater irrigation and bioaccumulation of heavy metals in crops and vegetables

Validez de los estudios de asociación entre geohelmintos e incidencia de malaria: ¿Debería impactar las políticas de salud?

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