“…(Oliveira et al, 2017;Vorobjev et al, 2018;Apatenkov et al, 2019;Kozyreva et al, 2020;Lakhina et al, 2020;Yagova et al, 2021;Sakharov et al, 2022). Recently it has been established that the main sources of GIC growth at auroral zone latitudes are the intensification and poleward movement of the westward electrojet current during substorm expansion phases (Despirak et al, 2022 and as well as Pc5 pulsations, usually observed during the recovery phase of substorms (Setsko et al, 2023).…”