In recent years, air pollution has intensified due to a continuous rise in atmospheric pollutants. Emissions from anthropogenic activities have exacerbated this problem, contributing to health, environmental, and climate issues. Researchers have identified energy production, industrial processes, wildfires, and volcanic eruption as leading contributors, with waste, changes in land use and land cover (LULC) being secondary factors. Consequently, the growing global waste production and alterations in LULC are among factors in increasing pollution levels, which we seek to emphasise in this research. We specifically investigated the effects of waste and LULC on carbon monoxide (CO), Sulphur dioxide SO2, nitrous dioxide (NO2), and formaldehyde (CH2O) emissions in the Jakarta Metropolitan region, Indonesia. Data were gathered from the Sentinel 2 and Sentinel-5 Precursor satellites and National Waste Management Information System Indonesia (SIPSN) from 2019 to 2023, we employed excel, image analysis, and Google Earth Engine (GEE) for data processing. ArcGIS 10.8 was used for advanced mapping. Our findings revealed that CO, SO2, NO2, and CH2O levels have increased the past five years in correlation with waste and LULC change, with a dip in 2020 during the COVID-19 lockdowns. Efforts to mitigate air pollution include curbing these emissions and promoting green urban planning.