2021
DOI: 10.3389/feart.2021.665185
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Geologic and Structural Evolution of the NE Lau Basin, Tonga: Morphotectonic Analysis and Classification of Structures Using Shallow Seismicity

Abstract: The transition from subduction to transform motion along horizontal terminations of trenches is associated with tearing of the subducting slab and strike-slip tectonics in the overriding plate. One prominent example is the northern Tonga subduction zone, where abundant strike-slip faulting in the NE Lau back-arc basin is associated with transform motion along the northern plate boundary and asymmetric slab rollback. Here, we address the fundamental question: how does this subduction-transform motion influence … Show more

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Cited by 11 publications
(22 citation statements)
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“…The volcanic edifice of Niuatahi consists of a ring-shaped caldera wall (∼9 km in diameter, up to 500 m high), showing horst-graben structures and landslide deposits, which are crosscut by a N-S trending lineament (Figures 1b and 1f). Ongoing E-W extension of the caldera along this lineament is indicated by two gaps in the southern and northern caldera wall (Anderson et al, 2021;Baker et al, 2019). Several volcanic cones post-dating the caldera collapse occur along this lineament, including Niuatahi Motutahi in the center of the caldera, as well as the cones of Niuatahi Southwest and North that occur at the southern and northern intersection of the caldera ring faults with the lineament, respectively (Figure 1b).…”
Section: Geological Setting and Sample Localitiesmentioning
confidence: 93%
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“…The volcanic edifice of Niuatahi consists of a ring-shaped caldera wall (∼9 km in diameter, up to 500 m high), showing horst-graben structures and landslide deposits, which are crosscut by a N-S trending lineament (Figures 1b and 1f). Ongoing E-W extension of the caldera along this lineament is indicated by two gaps in the southern and northern caldera wall (Anderson et al, 2021;Baker et al, 2019). Several volcanic cones post-dating the caldera collapse occur along this lineament, including Niuatahi Motutahi in the center of the caldera, as well as the cones of Niuatahi Southwest and North that occur at the southern and northern intersection of the caldera ring faults with the lineament, respectively (Figure 1b).…”
Section: Geological Setting and Sample Localitiesmentioning
confidence: 93%
“…The Tonga-Kermadec volcanic arc extends over 2,000 km from New Zealand to the Samoan Islands and forms by the westward subduction of the Pacific Plate beneath the Indo-Australian plate. Subduction rates of up to 240 mm/ yr in the northern Tonga arc are the highest globally observed and result in extensive magmatism and hydrothermal activity along the active island arc and the associated rear-and back-arc regions (Anderson et al, 2021;Baker et al, 2019;Bevis et al, 1995;Lupton et al, 2015;Taylor et al, 1996). The Lau basin is located to the west of the active Tofua arc (northern segment of the Tonga arc) and is the result of extensive rifting in the south and mature seafloor spreading in the north since 5.5-6 Ma (Baker et al, 2019;Taylor et al, 1996).…”
Section: Geological Setting and Sample Localitiesmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…The North Eastern Lau Basin in the SW Pacific Ocean (Figure 1A) is known for its intense hydrothermal activity and complex tectonic setting (Zellmer and Taylor, 2001;Lupton et al, 2015;Embley and Rubin, 2018;Baker et al, 2019;Baxter et al, 2020;Anderson et al, 2021). The North Eastern Lau Spreading Centre (NELSC, Figure 1B) is situated in the western part of the Lau back-arc basin and follows a NEorientation with an estimated spreading rate of ∼42 mm yr −1 (Baxter et al, 2020).…”
Section: Geological Overview and Sampling Sitementioning
confidence: 99%
“…The North Eastern Lau Spreading Centre (NELSC, Figure 1B) is situated in the western part of the Lau back-arc basin and follows a NEorientation with an estimated spreading rate of ∼42 mm yr −1 (Baxter et al, 2020). It can be subdivided into four segments with the axial Maka volcanic edifice being situated on the southernmost segment (Figure 1B, Baker et al, 2011;Anderson et al, 2021). The geochemical composition of the lavas at the NELSC varies from basaltic to dacitic composition, with basaltic compositions dominating at Maka volcano (Haase et al, 2018;Zhang H. et al, 2019).…”
Section: Geological Overview and Sampling Sitementioning
confidence: 99%