Geologic applications of thermal infrared images

Watson, K.

doi:10.1109/proc.1975.9712

Cited by 143 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Manga (1998) and James et al (2000) propose calculating the thermal energy from the di¡erence in discharge and recharge temperatures (using isotopes to determine recharge elevation) and then go on to assign the source of the thermal energy to geothermal heating. However, the temperature of the ground surface is determined by a balance between incoming solar energy and the outgoing ground radiation (Watson, 1975). If these radiative £uxes are out of balance, heat £uxes comparable to typical geothermal values can go into the ground.…”

Section: Temperature Chemistry and Isotopes Of Springsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slightly thermal springs and non-thermal springs at Mount Shasta, California: Chemistry and recharge elevations

Nathenson

Thompson

White

2003

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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Temperature measurements, isotopic contents, and dissolved constituents are presented for springs at Mount Shasta to understand slightly thermal springs in the Shasta Valley based on the characteristics of non-thermal springs. Non-thermal springs on Mount Shasta are generally cooler than mean annual air temperatures for their elevation. The specific conductance of non-thermal springs increases linearly with discharge temperature. Springs at higher and intermediate elevations on Mount Shasta have fairly limited circulation paths, whereas low-elevation springs have longer paths because of their higher-elevation recharge. Springs in the Shasta Valley are warmer than air temperatures for their elevation and contain significant amounts of chloride and sulfate, constituents often associated with volcanic hydrothermal systems. Data for the Shasta Valley springs generally define mixing trends for dissolved constituents and temperature. The isotopic composition of the Shasta Valley springs indicates that water fell as precipitation at a higher elevation than any of the non-thermal springs. It is possible that the Shasta Valley springs include a component of the outflow from a proposed 210 ‡C hydrothermal system that boils to supply steam for the summit acid-sulfate spring. In order to categorize springs such as those in the Shasta Valley, we introduce the term slightly thermal springs for springs that do not meet the numerical criterion of 10 ‡C above air temperature for thermal springs but have temperatures greater than non-thermal springs in the area and usually also have dissolved constituents normally found in thermal waters. ß

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Section: Temperature Chemistry and Isotopes Of Springsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slightly thermal springs and non-thermal springs at Mount Shasta, California: Chemistry and recharge elevations

Nathenson

Thompson

White

2003

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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“…where the depth z is erroneously reported in Xue and Cracknell (1995) and Cai et al (2007) under the square root, whereas it is reported correctly in Watson (1975) and Sobrino et al (1998); -A c /B is also reported erroneously in Xue and Cracknell (1995) without the minus sign. In particular, within equation (8), the phase difference of the soil temperature for the n-order, δ n (equation (9)), is a function of the thermal inertia, P, and of the angular velocity of rotation of the Earth, ω, assuming a value of 7.27 × 10 -5 rad s -1 :…”

Section: The One-dimensional (1d) Thermal Diffusion Equationmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…To solve the diffusion equation, boundary conditions have to be imposed (Watson 1975). Firstly, the surface (z = 0) temperature fluctuation depends on the shortwave instantaneous irradiance, E Sun , entering the soil proportional to the shortwave co-albedo (1 -α SW ), after passing through the atmospheric transmittance, τ SW , plus the net longwave radiation, R nLW , minus sensible, H, and latent, λET, heat fluxes to the atmosphere through the dynamic energy balance equation:…”

Section: The One-dimensional (1d) Thermal Diffusion Equationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Watson et al (1971) and Watson (1975) introduced the linearized boundary conditions from the dynamic energy balance equations for geothermal mapping. Price (1977Price ( , 1985 assumed that latent and sensible heat fluxes vary linearly with surface temperature, thus simplifying the relationship between thermal inertia and surface temperature variation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Critical analysis of thermal inertia approaches for surface soil water content retrieval

Maltese

Bates

Capodici

et al. 2013

Hydrological Sciences Journal

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The "thermal inertia" method to retrieve surface soil water content maps on bare or sparsely-vegetated soils is analysed. The study area is a small experimental watershed, where optical and thermal images (in day and night time) and in situ data were simultaneously acquired. The sensitivity of thermal inertia to the phase difference between incoming radiation and soil temperature is demonstrated. Thus, to obtain an accurate value of the phase difference, the temporal distance between thermographs using a three-temperature approach is evaluated. We highlight when a cosine correction of the temperature needs to be applied, depending on whether the thermal inertia formulation includes two generic acquisition times, or not. Finally, the deviation in soil water content retrieval is quantifies for given values of each parameter by performing a sensitivity analysis on the basic parameters of the thermal inertia method that are usually affected by calibration errors.Key words thermal inertia; surface soil water content; remote sensing Analyse critique des approches fondées sur l'inertie thermique pour la cartographie de la teneur en eau de la surface du sol Résumé La méthode de « l'inertie thermique » pour la cartographie de la teneur en eau de la surface des sols nus ou à végétation clairsemée est analysée. La zone d'étude est un petit bassin versant expérimental, où des images optiques et thermiques (de jour et de nuit) et des données in situ ont été acquises simultanément. On a mis en évi-dence la sensibilité de l'inertie thermique à la différence de phase entre le rayonnement incident et la température du sol. Ainsi, pour obtenir une valeur précise de la différence de phase, nous avons évalué la distance temporelle entre thermographes en utilisant une approche à trois températures. Cet article montre la nécessité éventuelle d'une correction cosinusoïdale de la température, selon que la formulation de l'inertie thermique comprend ou non deux temps d'acquisition génériques. Enfin, l'article quantifie la variabilité de la teneur en eau du sol pour des valeurs données de chaque paramètre en effectuant une analyse de sensibilité sur les paramètres de base de la méthode de l'inertie thermique qui sont généralement affectés par des erreurs d'étalonnage.

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“…On the other hand, the heat loss due to ground radiation is given by qsoil(t) = σ ε T soil 4 , where ε is the mean emissivity of the surface and Tsoil(t)= T(x,y,0,t) is the soil temperature at the soil-air interface. This boundary condition involves a non-linear function of T. Nevertheless, in the range of interest, this term can be linearized, [7]. To obtain a numerical solution of Eq.…”

Section: Thermal Model Of the Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

GPU-based infrared thermography for NDE of minefields

Pardo¹,

López²,

Cabello³

2012

Proceedings of the 2012 International Conference on Quantitative InfraRed Thermography

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Infrared thermography is an attractive technique for non-destructive evaluation processes and particularly for detecting shallowly buried mines. Its use consists of subjecting the area under inspection to a source of natural or artificial heating/cooling process and studying the soil's response by means of the analysis of its thermal evolution given by a temporal sequence of infrared images. To this aim an efficient solution of the heat equation is required. Over the years, different software solutions have been proposed, taking advantage of today's impressive computing power of parallel machines. In this work, we consider a hybrid software-hardware approach making use of a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) acting as a heat equation solver with the goal of obtaining a portable system to be used during field experiments. The system has been successfully used for the non-destructive inspection of soils in mine detection applications based on infrared thermography techniques.

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Geologic applications of thermal infrared images

Cited by 143 publications

References 22 publications

Slightly thermal springs and non-thermal springs at Mount Shasta, California: Chemistry and recharge elevations

Slightly thermal springs and non-thermal springs at Mount Shasta, California: Chemistry and recharge elevations

Critical analysis of thermal inertia approaches for surface soil water content retrieval

GPU-based infrared thermography for NDE of minefields

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