Geologic Carbon Sequestration

A benchmark study on reactive two-phase flow in porous media: Part I - model description

“…Primary containment mechanisms include structural trapping, dissolution, mineralization, and capillary trapping. Simulations are required to make sure that the stored gas does not escape to the surface (see [45] for a full discussion of the issues involved).…”

Comprehensive Review of Sealant Materials for Leakage Remediation Technology in Geological CO2 Capture and Storage Process

“…Recently, carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology has been developed as a CO 2 mitigation method to global climate change. , At the end of 2020, there were 65 commercially successful large-scale CCS projects operating worldwide, including 38 projects in the Americas, four projects in Norway, and three projects in the gulf cooperation council (GCC) states. Additionally, 39 projects being conducted worldwide further demonstrate its commercial viability and versatility. , Carbon storage operation is one of the most critical parts of CCS projects; it can sequestrate CO 2 from coal- and gas-fired power stations and thereby reduce tremendous emissions from industries. , According to reports made by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the optional storage sites involve depleted petroleum reservoirs, oil fields using CO 2 for development, deep saline aquifers (onshore or offshore), and abandoned coal beds. , These storage sites trap CO 2 mainly by the mechanisms of geological isolation, hydrodynamic, dissolution, mineralization, and chemical adsorption. , Geological trapping happens because these places usually have an impermeable caprock above the top layer and the surrounding fractures and faults that can help them trap CO 2 by the mechanisms of geological sequestration. , Storing CO 2 through the enhanced oil recovery (EOR) method is also an essential method since injecting CO 2 into oil reservoirs to improve oil recovery has proved its economic worth for about 50 years in the petroleum industry. For the selection of a suitable geological CO 2 storage site, a favorable one should have a depth of more than 0.8 km to keep CO 2 in the supercritical state to ensure its storage safety. , Taking these restrictions into consideration, Dooley et al have calculated that the saline aquifers worldwide have a theoretical global deposit capacity of 9500 gigatons of CO 2 , with depleted gas reservoirs having CO 2 storage capacities of 700 gigatons, depleted oil reservoirs having capacities of 120 gigatons, and deep unminable coals having capacities of 120 gigatons.…”

“…5,6 According to reports made by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the optional storage sites involve depleted petroleum reservoirs, oil fields using CO 2 for development, deep saline aquifers (onshore or offshore), and abandoned coal beds. 7,8 These storage sites trap CO 2 mainly by the mechanisms of geological isolation, hydrodynamic, dis-solution, mineralization, and chemical adsorption. 9,10 Geological trapping happens because these places usually have an impermeable caprock above the top layer and the surrounding fractures and faults that can help them trap CO 2 by the mechanisms of geological sequestration.…”