Geologic Framework Model (GFM2000)

Vogt, T.C.

doi:10.2172/838657

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Measurements of the Faraday rotation of linearly polarized radio emission traversing the cluster's medium, in combination with X-ray data, support the existence of cluster MFs of a few µG (Kim et al 1989(Kim et al , 1990Taylor & Perley 1993;Feretti et al 1995;Deiss et al 1997;Eilek 1999;Ensslin et al 1999;Clarke, Kronberg & Bohringer 2001;Johnston-Hollitt, Hollitt & Ekers 2004). The mapping of the Faraday rotation reveals that the clusters' MFs are turbulent with a Kolmogoroff power spectrum on a variety of scales (Ensslin, 2004;Vogt & Ensslin 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic field in galaxies, galaxy clusters, and intergalactic space

Dar¹,

Rújula

2005

Phys. Rev. D

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Magnetic fields of unknown origin appear to permeate the Universe on all large scales. We suggest that the winds and cosmic rays, which are produced by the spherical ejecta and jets from supernova explosions, magnetize the interstellar medium in galaxies, the intracluster medium in galaxy clusters, and the intergalactic space. We show that, if the cosmic rays generate magnetic fields in rough energy equipartition with the cosmic rays, the predicted magnetic-field strengths coincide with the ones observed. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.72.123002 PACS numbers: 98.38.Am, 98.35.Nq, 98.58.Ay, 98.62.En The average magnetic field (MF) of the interstellar medium (ISM) of our Galaxy (B MW 5 G) corresponds to an energy density of 0:5 eV cm ÿ3 , in good agreement with the energy density of galactic cosmic rays (CRs) [1]. This provides a strong hint of a common origin and of energy equipartition [2], though other theories of the origin of galactic fields-such as dynamo amplification of primordial seed fields-have been proposed [3].The origin of intergalactic MFs, both within and without galaxy clusters, is also undecided. Radio observations of galaxy clusters indicate that the intra-cluster medium (ICM) between the galaxies is permeated by intense MFs [4]. Nearby clusters are seen to have a ''radio halo'' with a distribution similar to that of the cluster gas, observed in x rays. These halos are produced by synchrotron emission from CR electrons spiraling in the cluster's MF, while the x rays are electron bremsstrahlung. Measurements of the Faraday rotation of linearly polarized radio emission traversing the cluster's medium, in combination with x-ray data, support the existence of cluster MFs of a few G [5,6]. The mapping of the Faraday rotation reveals that the clusters' MFs are turbulent with a Kolmogoroff power spectrum on a variety of scales [7].The MF between clusters and isolated galaxies in the inter-galactic medium (IGM) is not known. Speculations on its value range from nearly a G to a pG. Low-level radio emission was detected from the IGM around Coma [6] and from the IGM in large-scale filaments of galaxies [8]. The estimated field strengths are of the order of several hundred nG.Theories of the origin of MFs in the ICM and IGM include cosmic shocks [9], ionization fronts [10] and outflows from primeval galaxies [4], quasars and/or radio galaxies [11]. In particular, Kronberg et al. have estimated [12] that ''giant'' extragalactic radio sources, powered by accretion onto massive black holes (M > 10 8 M ), inject E B 10 60-61 erg of magnetic energy into radio lobes, and have argued that the expansion and diffusion of these Mpcscale lobes could have magnetized a large fraction of the IGM. Assuming that in the accretion 1% of M is released in the form of magnetic energy, they estimated a mean B IGM 40 nG at redshift z 2. This value later evolves as 1 z 2 due to cosmic expansion, yielding a two-ordersof-magnitude smaller IGM energy density, and a one-order-of-magnitude smaller B IGM at z 0.Concerning the ICM, it was su...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic field in galaxies, galaxy clusters, and intergalactic space

Dar¹,

Rújula

2005

Phys. Rev. D

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“…7,8 Histologically, these tumors can be divided into three growth patterns, reflecting different grade of differentiation: low, intermediate, and high grade. 9,10 The low-grade tumors show a widespread proliferation of anastomosing vascular channels, which extend in breast parenchyma and in adipose tissue without papillary formations. In capillary type tumors, neoplastic vessels are dispersed in dense collagen stroma of perilobular area; these vessels may be misdiagnosed as a simple pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multidisciplinary approach to breast angiosarcoma in an elderly patient: Repeated local relapses and significant objective responses

Mocerino

Iannaci²,

Sapere³

et al. 2016

Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol

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Angiosarcomas are malignant tumors of endovascular origin, which may be divided into primary and secondary forms. Secondary breast angiosarcomas are an increasing problem, especially in patients treated with breast-conserving surgery followed by radiotherapy.We report a case of radiation-induced angiosarcoma of the breast in a 77-year-old woman who presented with a suspect lesion in her left breast. Excisional biopsy and subsequent immunohistochemical staining of the specimen was performed. Histological report was diagnostic for low-intermediate grade angiosarcoma. The tumor cells were diffusely positive for CD31 and CD34. We performed surgical resection with mastectomy.A multidisciplinary approach with bleomycin-based electrochemotherapy, radiation treatment, and chemotherapy with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin has been most useful to control subsequent local relapses. To date, the patient is under close observation and is performing well. No recurrence has been demonstrated after ending of chemotherapy.

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“…The XRD patterns for WO3-STNTA and WO3-LTNTA are depicted in Figure 4a &b, respectively. Previous investigations on bulk WO3 have reported the following phase transformation sequence upon heating: triclinic (δ-WO3) (−30 °C) → monoclinic (γ-WO3) (330 °C) → orthorhombic (β-WO3) (740 °C) → tetragonal (α-WO3) [36]. In this work, the XRD patterns (Figure 4a & b) show diffraction signals for the monoclinic WO3 under the conditions (JCPDS No.83-950), indicating a desirable crystallinity was formed in the nanocomposite sample after calcinations at 350 °C [37].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimum Deposition Of Tungsten Oxide On Titania Nanotubular Arrays And Study The Photoactivity Of Nano-Composite Photoanode

Milad¹,

Awitil²,

Kassim³

et al. 2018

Proceedings of First Conference for Engineering Sciences and Technology: Vol. 1

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The novelty of this research works in the two-step formation of tungsten oxide (WO3)-loaded TiO2 nanotube arrays composite film by study the optimum conditions of electrodeposition of WO3 nanoparticles on TiO2 nanotubes arrays based on their photo-activity performance. The W have been incorporated from a sodium tungstate-based aqueous electrolyte containing from 0.2 M sodium tungstate (Na2WO4) with addition of 0.13 M hydrogen peroxide (30%) and drops from H2SO4 up to get pH = 1; it accumulates to form a self independent structure of WO3 on the surface of the nanotubes. WO3 was deposited for several times intervals at room temperature and annealed at 350 ºC for 30 minutes. TiO2 nanotubes (TNTA) were successfully grown by anodizing of titanium foil (Ti) in organic (98% vol., ethylene glycol, 2 vol.% Di water and 0.5 wt% ammonium fluoride and acidic (0.5M phosphoric acid and 0.14M sodium fluoride) electrolyte. The possible growth of TiO2 nanotubes in the applied potential at 20V for 45 minutes was investigated. It were found such electrochemical condition resulted in formation of nanotube with average diameter 50 & 120 nm and the length 3.5 & 0.6 µm for organic and acidic electrolytes respectively. The anodized samples were annealed at 500 ºC in N2 gas for 3 hours. The structural, morphology and composition of TiO2 nanotubes and WO3/TiO2 nanotube were characterized with XRD, FESEM and EDX. FESEM results of the nanotubular arrays showed uniform arrays of titania nanotubular and showed. EDX results showed trace of tungsten has been incorporated into TiO2. The influences of tungsten content on the photocurrent densities of WO3/TiO2 nanotubular photoanodes were investigated by recording current-potential profiles. The preliminary results indicated that the WO3/TiO2 produced showed good photocurrent densities due to the behavior of W 6+ ions which allows to electron traps that suppress electron-hole recombination and exploit the lower band gap of material to produce a water splitting process by increasing the charge separation and extending the energy range of photo-excitation for the system.

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Geologic Framework Model (GFM2000)

Cited by 4 publications

References 1 publication

Magnetic field in galaxies, galaxy clusters, and intergalactic space

Magnetic field in galaxies, galaxy clusters, and intergalactic space

Multidisciplinary approach to breast angiosarcoma in an elderly patient: Repeated local relapses and significant objective responses

Optimum Deposition Of Tungsten Oxide On Titania Nanotubular Arrays And Study The Photoactivity Of Nano-Composite Photoanode

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