Geologic map and digital database of the Apache Canyon 7.5' quadrangle, Ventura and Kern counties, California

Stone, Paul; Cossette, Pamela M.

doi:10.3133/ofr00359

Cited by 5 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The Lockwood Clay has been variously interpreted as a diagenetically altered ashfall tuff [ Carman , 1964] and as a loess deposit (P. L. Ehlig, personal communication, 1998]. Neither the Lockwood Clay nor the Quatal Formation is dated due to lack of identifiable fossils or datable volcanic rocks, but because the upper Caliente is uppermost Miocene (Hemphillian mammal stage [ James , 1963]), the Lockwood Clay and the Quatal are both regarded as Pliocene [ Carman , 1964; Kelley and Lander , 1988; Minor , 1999; Stone and Cossette , 2000]. The lack of precise age constraints for the Quatal Formation unfortunately prevents a more accurate determination of the age of transition from extension to contraction than early Pliocene (∼5 Ma).…”

Section: Late Oligocene To Recent Geologic Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The original size and shape of the depositional basin is considerably different than the current structural configuration of the basin, and subsequent erosion of uplifted areas has further obscured the geometry of the earlier depositional basin. For example, deposits of the Caliente Formation are present high on the flanks of Frazier Mountain, in the hanging wall block of thrusts of the north Frazier Mountain thrust system [ Zhou , 1990; Kellogg , 2003], and units correlative with similar Caliente deposits in Lockwood Valley can be followed for several tens of kilometers to the west [ Hill et al , 1958; Stone and Cossette , 2000; Minor , 2004]. The total thickness of sedimentary rocks resting above crystalline basement in the Lockwood Valley basin is at least 1500 m [ Carman , 1964; Kellogg , 2003].…”

Section: Late Oligocene To Recent Geologic Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pliocene transpressional modification of depositional basins by convergent thrusting adjacent to the “Big Bend” of the San Andreas fault: An example from Lockwood Valley, southern California

Kellogg

Minor

2005

Tectonics

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The “Big Bend” of the San Andreas fault in the western Transverse Ranges of southern California is a left stepping flexure in the dextral fault system and has long been recognized as a zone of relatively high transpression compared to adjacent regions. The Lockwood Valley region, just south of the Big Bend, underwent a profound change in early Pliocene time (∼5 Ma) from basin deposition to contraction, accompanied by widespread folding and thrusting. This change followed the recently determined initiation of opening of the northern Gulf of California and movement along the southern San Andreas fault at about 6.1 Ma, with the concomitant formation of the Big Bend. Lockwood Valley occupies a 6‐km‐wide, fault‐bounded structural basin in which converging blocks of Paleoproterozoic and Cretaceous crystalline basement and upper Oligocene and lower Miocene sedimentary rocks (Plush Ranch Formation) were thrust over Miocene and Pliocene basin‐fill sedimentary rocks (in ascending order, Caliente Formation, Lockwood Clay, and Quatal Formation). All the pre‐Quatal sedimentary rocks and most of the Pliocene Quatal Formation were deposited during a mid‐Tertiary period of regional transtension in a crustal block that underwent little clockwise vertical‐axis rotation as compared to crustal blocks to the south. Ensuing Pliocene and Quaternary transpression in the Big Bend region began during deposition of the poorly dated Quatal Formation and was marked by four converging thrust systems, which decreased the areal extent of the sedimentary basin and formed the present Lockwood Valley structural basin. None of the thrusts appears presently active. Estimated shortening across the center of the basin was about 30 percent. The formerly defined eastern Big Pine fault, now interpreted to be two separate, oppositely directed, contractional reverse or thrust faults, marks the northwestern structural boundary of Lockwood Valley. The complex geometry of the Lockwood Valley basin is similar to other Tertiary structural basins in southern California, such those that underlie Cuyama Valley, the Ridge basin, and the east Ventura basin.

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Section: Late Oligocene To Recent Geologic Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Late Oligocene To Recent Geologic Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pliocene transpressional modification of depositional basins by convergent thrusting adjacent to the “Big Bend” of the San Andreas fault: An example from Lockwood Valley, southern California

Kellogg

Minor

2005

Tectonics

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“…This fl uvial incision postdates cessation of deposition in the ancestral Cuyama depositional basin, which occurred sometime since ca. 1 Ma, as evidenced by what is likely Bishop ash (760 ka) or possibly Glass Mountain ash (1.0-1.1 Ma) (Stone and Cossette, 2000) in the uppermost part of the Cuyama basin section. Since cessation of widespread basin fi lling, compressional deformation has occurred in the study area, which was likely caused by increasing transpression along the Big Bend section of the San Andreas fault to the northeast of the study area.…”

Section: Model Calibration: Geological Constraintsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…We discuss the techniques, data, and interpretation in some detail in the next section. We built upon recent detailed mapping by USGS personnel in the study area (Minor, 2004;Kellogg and Miggins, 2002;Stone and Cossette, 2000;Minor, 1999). Figure 6 shows the tectonic setting of our fi eld area.…”

Section: Model Calibration: Geological Constraintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bedrock landscape development modeling: Calibration using field study, geochronology, and digital elevation model analysis

DeLong

Pelletier

Arnold

2007

Geological Society of America Bulletin

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Stream power-based models of bedrock landscape development are effective at producing synthetic topography with realistic fl uvial-network topology and three-dimensional topography, but they are diffi cult to calibrate. This paper examines ways in which fi eld observations, geochronology, and digital elevation model (DEM) data can be used to calibrate a bedrock landscape development model for a specifi c study site. We fi rst show how uplift rate, bedrock erodibility, and landslide threshold slope are related to steady-state relief, hypsometry, and drainage density for a wide range of synthetic topographies produced by a stream power-based planform landscape development model. Our results indicate that low uplift rates and high erodibility result in low-relief, high drainage density, fl uvially dominated topography, and high uplift rates and low erodibility leads to high-relief, low drainage density, mass wasting-dominated topography. Topography made up of a combination of fl uvial channels and threshold slopes occurs for only a relatively narrow range of model parameters. Using measured values for hypsometric integral, drainage density, and relief, quantitative values of bedrock erodibility can be further constrained, particularly if uplift rates are independently known.We applied these techniques to three sedimentary rock units in the western Transverse Ranges in California that have experienced similar climate, uplift, and incision histories. The 10 Be surface exposure dating and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) burial dating data indicated that incision of initially low-relief topography there occurred during the last ~60 k.y. We estimated the relative dependence of drainage area and channel slope on erosion rate in the stream power law from slope-area data, and inferred values for bedrock erodibility ranging from 0.09 to 0.3 m (0.2-0.4) k.y. -1 for the rock types in this study area.

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“…Unit is not well exposed in quadrangle and contact with similar rocks of the upper Quatal Formation is indistinct. Contact with Quatal mapped by projecting better-defined relationships in adjacent Apache Canyon quadrangle (P. Stone, 2000) into the Sawmill Mountain quadrangle. Age of the Morales based on sparse Blancan (Pliocene) vertebrate fossils collected northwest of quadrangle (Vedder, 1970) and from an ash near top of exposed unit in Apache Canyon quadrangle, tentatively identified as either the Bishop ash (~0.76 Ma) or ash of Glass Mountain (~0.8-1.2 Ma) (A.M. Sarna-Wojcicki, written commun., in Stone, 2000).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Geologic map of the Sawmill Mountain Quadrangle, Kern and Ventura counties, California

Kellogg¹,

Miggins²

2002

Open-File Report

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This database, identified as USGS Open-File Report 02-406, has been approved for release and publication by the Director of the USGS. Although this database has been subjected to review and is substantially complete, the USGS reserves the right to revise the data pursuant to further analysis and review. Furthermore, it is released on condition that neither the USGS nor the United States Government may be held liable for any damages resulting from its authorized or unauthorized use. The files are located at the internet site: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr-02-406/. ARC/INFO export files may be generated from export files within the tar file (sawmill.tar.gz), or within a WINDOWS zipped file (sawmill.zip). In addition, an encapsulated postscript file (sawmill.eps) or PDF file (sawmill.pdf) may be downloaded, from which paper copies may be printed. The Description of Map Units is in a PDF file (sawmill.pdf) or a text file (sawmill.txt).

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Geologic map and digital database of the Apache Canyon 7.5' quadrangle, Ventura and Kern counties, California

Cited by 5 publications

References 4 publications

Pliocene transpressional modification of depositional basins by convergent thrusting adjacent to the “Big Bend” of the San Andreas fault: An example from Lockwood Valley, southern California

Pliocene transpressional modification of depositional basins by convergent thrusting adjacent to the “Big Bend” of the San Andreas fault: An example from Lockwood Valley, southern California

Bedrock landscape development modeling: Calibration using field study, geochronology, and digital elevation model analysis

Geologic map of the Sawmill Mountain Quadrangle, Kern and Ventura counties, California

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