Geologic Modelling for Reservoir Simulation: Hanifa Reservoir, Berri Field, Saudi Arabia

Kompanik, G.S.; Heil, R.J.; Al-Shammari, Z.A.; Al-Shammery, M.J.

doi:10.2523/25580-ms

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…We identified eight distinct depositional facies in the study area (Figure 3) based on their sedimentary structure, depositional texture (Dunham and Ham 1962;Embry and Klovan 1971), skeletal and nonskeletal components (Hughes, Varol, and Al-Khalid 2008), and gamma-ray response. These depositional facies are modifications from the Hanifa depositional facies identified by Al-Mojel, Razin, and Dera (2020) and the subsurface Hanifa reservoir facies (including documented porosity and permeability) by Kompanik et al (1993) and Al-Khalifah and Makkawi (2002).…”

Section: Depositional Facies and Stratigraphymentioning

confidence: 66%

How In-Place Volumes of Subsurface Reservoir Models are Impacted by Using 3d High-Resolution Outcrop Analogue Data. A Case Study Using Depositional Architectural Heterogeneity of Stromatoporoid/Coral Buildups of the Hanifa Fm, Saudi Arabia

Ramdani

Khanna

Jong

et al. 2022

Day 3 Wed, February 23, 2022

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High porosity-high permeability stromatoporoid/coral facies are important components of the Late Jurassic carbonate reservoirs in the Middle East. This facies exhibits sub-seismic depositional heterogeneities that subsurface models often overlook due to the limited interwell resolution of subsurface data. Understanding the effect of this facies on the 3D distribution of static reservoir properties and uncertainty in volumetric calculations of hydrocarbons in-place will improve estimates of the ultimate recovery and hence reservoir development decisions. A 3D high-fidelity outcrop-based geocellular depositional model that honors the spatial and petrophysical heterogeneity of the stromatoporoid/coral facies was constructed based on the Hanifa reservoir outcrop analog in central Saudi Arabia. The model was constructed from a 1.2 km × 1 km drone photogrammetry survey, measured sections (total length 150m) and spectral gamma-ray data, >200 thin sections, a 50 m-long core, a 19 km-long network of 2D and 3D Ground Penetrating Radar, and 600 m-long 2D seismic profiles. The facies model was populated with porosity and permeability equivalent to subsurface reservoir facies and utilized as the baseline petrophysical model for the comparison study. A set of pseudo wells at ~1 km spacing were simulated from the model capturing the model's 1D facies stacking and properties around the wellbore. The pseudo wells were utilized to stochastically build facies and static reservoir models scenarios to replicate the baseline model from limited well data. The volumetric calculation of each realization is compared with the baseline to investigate the range of volumetric uncertainty that would be introduced by the lateral distribution of stromatoporoid/coral facies. Early results show that depending upon the modeling methodology, the volumetric discrepancy between stochastic simulations and the deterministic outcrop baseline model is ~10-15%. Using a high-fidelity outcrop-based reservoir model, we have demonstrated the strong influence of 3D depositional heterogeneity of the stromatoporoid/coral facies on the uncertainty associated with hydrocarbon in-place volumes. We conclude that a static reservoir model can be significantly improved by using data-driven geological models that reflect the 3D heterogeneity of depositional facies.

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Section: Depositional Facies and Stratigraphymentioning

confidence: 66%

How In-Place Volumes of Subsurface Reservoir Models are Impacted by Using 3d High-Resolution Outcrop Analogue Data. A Case Study Using Depositional Architectural Heterogeneity of Stromatoporoid/Coral Buildups of the Hanifa Fm, Saudi Arabia

Ramdani

Khanna

Jong

et al. 2022

Day 3 Wed, February 23, 2022

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“…At Berri Field, the formation contains an excellent reservoir facies which consists of skeletal-bioclastic grainstone. Permeabilities are of value up to 10 D and the formation contains large petroleum reserves (Kompanik et al 1993).…”

Section: Jurassicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Petroleum systems in the Middle East

Alsharhan

2014

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Since the start of the twentieth century more than 550 commercially significant oil and gas fields have been discovered in the Middle East. Most of the fields have more than one pay zone and produce from shallow-water carbonates and clastics that range in age from Infracambrian to Oligo-Miocene. A providential juxtaposition of source-reservoir-seal, migration history and trapping mechanism has lead to the entrapment of hydrocarbons throughout the Phanerozoic strata of the Middle East. Each occurrence shares some characteristics but each also has unique features. The geographic occurrence of hydrocarbons in the region reflects the original facies variations across the depositional shelf and basin and the tectonic history of basement faults and halokinetic activity. The evaluation and integration of these critical variables, together with an appreciation of the maturation, migration history and trapping mechanisms, drives the search for new fields. The continued discovery of new fields proves that the region has not yielded all its treasure and stimulates future exploration. Although evidence for orogenic deformation is lacking in the Middle East, epeirogenic warping is common. The latter is attributed to the reactivation of basement faults, and evaporite structures and flow at depth. A prominent sedimentary and erosional break, locally marked by eroded Hercynian unconformities, followed an important Late Palaeozoic epeirogenic uplift. Similarly, Mesozoic sedimentary fill is broken by a major change in tectonic and depositional regimes, and numerous unconformities thought to be primarily controlled by high-frequency fluctuations in eustatic sea level and a low uniform rate of tectonic movement. Late Cretaceous and Tertiary events followed the collision and partial subduction of the east and southeastern margin of the Arabian Plate and involved vertical epeirogenic uplift of the resulting folded and thrusted gravity features. Vast areas of the Middle East Basin have yet to be extensively drilled. Although the long-lived stability of the shelf has influenced the development of the giant oil pools, and to some extent reduced the potential for stratigraphic traps, it has not eliminated the potential for smaller structures and the exploration for new oil and gas reserves. Future exploration is expected to focus on the discovery of smaller structures and subtle traps revealed by analysis of existing geological data and special seismic processing. Exploration will involve extensive regional and local geological–sedimentological studies, 3D or 4D seismic surveys and drilling progrmmes, and proposed better petroleum system model(s) for each basin (or sub-basin).

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“…Table 2 and Fig Among these five depositional facies in the Hanifa formation, FC1 depositional facies is the only nonreservoir rock with wackestone/mudstone, the remaining facies (FC2-FC5a) are reservoir rocks with fairly distinct porosity and permeability populations. Among them, FC4 depositional facies is characterized by stromatoporoid and coral fossils, and the others (FC2, FC3 and FC5a) are grain-dominated rocks (Kompanik et al, 1993).…”

Section: Automatic Depositional Facies Predictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Petrographic Features Prediction of Carbonate Reservoir Based on Thin Sections Using Deep-Learning

et al. 2022

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Geologic Modelling for Reservoir Simulation: Hanifa Reservoir, Berri Field, Saudi Arabia

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

How In-Place Volumes of Subsurface Reservoir Models are Impacted by Using 3d High-Resolution Outcrop Analogue Data. A Case Study Using Depositional Architectural Heterogeneity of Stromatoporoid/Coral Buildups of the Hanifa Fm, Saudi Arabia

How In-Place Volumes of Subsurface Reservoir Models are Impacted by Using 3d High-Resolution Outcrop Analogue Data. A Case Study Using Depositional Architectural Heterogeneity of Stromatoporoid/Coral Buildups of the Hanifa Fm, Saudi Arabia

Petroleum systems in the Middle East

Petrographic Features Prediction of Carbonate Reservoir Based on Thin Sections Using Deep-Learning

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