Geological and structural analysis using remote sensing for lineament and lithological mapping

Abstract

Abstract. The study area forms part of the precambrian to early paleozoic Nigerian Basement Complex. The Nigerian Basement Complex is a polycyclic assemblage of heterogeneous migmatites and gneisses, metasediments and granites that have undergone a complex evolutionary history spanning through Archaean to Pan-African (Late Proterozoic) times. Multispectral images from Landsat 7 ETM+ were utilized to complement field mapping, elucidate lineaments and clearly outline alteration zones. The dominant rock types in the area are gneiss, granites and metasediments with minor lithologies such as aplite dykes, quartzofeldspathic and quartz veins, pegmatites and xenolith. Petrographic studies have shown that the granite comprises of porphyritic and medium to coarse grained varieties that are composed mainly of quartz, feldspar, biotite ± muscovite. The metasediments include pelitic schist and composed of quartz, biotite, feldspar, ± muscovite, ± chlorite and quartzites. These rocks have been deformed, sheared and foliated. The dominant NW-SE to N-S structural trend, follows the general trend of structures resulting from both Pre-Pan-African and Pan-African Orogenies. The geological and structural maps of the study area on a scale of 1:50,000 have been updated.

The Concept of Lineaments in Geological Structural Analysis; Principles and Methods: A Review Based on Examples from Norway

“…This approach coincides with most people regarding "lineament analysis", which is described in the section below. We note, however, that traditional lineament analysis subdues important structural information such that the general structural analysis should be expanded upon more often to include additional structural information like foliation, low-angle discontinuities (e.g., thrust faults) and areas of structural contrasts affiliated with, for example, tectonostratigraphic mega-units like magmatic bodies and nappes (see also [11,[44][45][46][47]). We regard foliation mapping as giving particularly important information that provides structural information which goes beyond that obtained from traditional lineament analysis [48].…”

“…The results of this analysis would, together with the state-of-the-art geological maps, provide the basis for the next generation of field investigations (see below). Examples of general structural analysis based on remote sensing data are numerous (e.g., [25,36,47,50]). One early example combining lineament mapping with foliation mapping was performed on Caledonian tectonostratigraphic units in the Norwegian Caledonides of Nordland in northern Norway [48].…”

“…Examples of general structural analysis based on remote sensing data are numerous (e.g., [25,36,47,50]). One early example combining lineament mapping with foliation mapping was performed on Caledonian tectonostratigraphic units in the Norwegian Caledonides of Nordland in northern Norway [48].…”

Integration of remote sensing and geophysical methods for structural and lithological mapping in a part of Precambrian Basement Rocks, northern Nigeria

“…These crystalline basement rocks are older than 500 million years and contain a negligible amount of groundwater when not weathered or fractured [11]. However, significant aquifers may develop within those areas with thick weathered overburden and most importantly, fractured bedrock [12].…”