Geological evidence of paleo-earthquakes on a transverse right-lateral strike-slip fault along the NW Himalayan front: Implications towards fault segmentation and strain partitioning

Malik, Javed N.; Arora, Shreya; Gadhavi, Mahendrasinh S.; Singh, Gurvinder; Kumar, Prabhat; Johnson, Frango C.; Thakur, Mahesh; Raoof, J.

doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2022.105518

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…A latest study conducted by Malik et al. (2023) reported an extensive and tectonically active fault, KTF (Figures 1 and 5a) that displays prominent dextral strike‐slip motion and most possibly experienced displacement along it during the 1905 ∼ M w 7.8 Kangra earthquake. They further suggested that this KTF fault (KTF‐Segment 1 in Figure 5a) acts as a fault segment boundary separating the NW (Himachal) segment of seismogenic locked MHT from the Central (Kumaun‐Garhwal) segment and accommodates most of the ongoing arc‐parallel convergence in the region.…”

Section: Long‐term Versus Short‐term Convergence Rates In Himachal Hi...mentioning

confidence: 95%

“… (a) Map showing the segmentation of the seismogenic locked portion of Main Himalayan Thrust (MHT), modified after Malik et al. (2023). The convergence rate for NW segment is after this study and for the Central segment is after Yadav et al.…”

Section: Long‐term Versus Short‐term Convergence Rates In Himachal Hi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thakur et al (2014) documented that significant slip partitioning is taking place along the four major active faults of the region (MFT, BT, ST, and JMT-Figure 1) which generally follow arc-parallel trend suggesting that the shortening along these faults accommodates the arc-normal convergence in the region. They calculated the late quaternary (<50 ka) shortening rates along these faults based on the dating of strath terraces (Figure 5c): 6.0 ± 0.5 mm/yr on MFT, 2.0 ± 0.17 mm/yr on BT, 3.0 ± 0.3 mm/yr on ST and 3.5 ± 0.4-4.2 ± 0.33 mm/yr A latest study conducted by Malik et al (2023) reported an extensive and tectonically active fault, KTF (Figures 1 and 5a) that displays prominent dextral strike-slip motion and most possibly experienced displacement along it during the 1905 ∼M w 7.8 Kangra earthquake. They further suggested that this KTF fault (KTF-Segment 1 in Figure 5a) acts as a fault segment boundary separating the NW (Himachal) segment of seismogenic locked MHT from the Central (Kumaun-Garhwal) segment and accommodates most of the ongoing arc-parallel convergence in the region.…”

Section: Long-term Versus Short-term Convergence Rates In Himachal Hi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, we analyze the correlation between the long‐term (topography, geological shortening rates along active faults, geological uplift rates) and short‐term (geodetic) deformation observed in Himachal Himalaya, and attempt to geometrically constrain the ongoing activity along the recently discovered KTF which has been proposed by Malik et al. (2023) to accommodate most of the arc‐parallel deformation in the region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The estimated coupling variations along with the geologically inferred MHT fault (flat-ramp-flat) geometry variations, the local topographic relief and the local topographic anomaly pattern allow us to investigate the potential of MBT being active in the western Himachal region. Further, we analyze the correlation between the long-term (topography, geological shortening rates along active faults, geological uplift rates) and short-term (geodetic) deformation observed in Himachal Himalaya, and attempt to geometrically constrain the ongoing activity along the recently discovered KTF which has been proposed by Malik et al (2023) to accommodate most of the arc-parallel deformation in the region.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Evidence of Strain Accumulation and Coupling Variation in the Himachal Region of NW Himalaya From Short Term Geodetic Measurements

et al. 2023

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Himachal region of Northwest Himalaya exhibits the widest structural re‐entrant in Kangra region and significant strain partitioning along the frontal and hinterland out‐of‐sequence faults. We report results of continuous GPS measurements from 10 new sites in the region and analyze them along with the previously published results to constrain the ongoing arc‐normal and arc‐parallel convergence rates at 16.5 ± 1.1 and 4–5 mm/yr respectively. Thus, the ongoing convergence is oblique by 15°–20°. The Main Himalayan Thrust (MHT) is strongly coupled up to ∼100 km from the Main Frontal Thrust but displays significant variation in coupling in the transition zone across the Kangra re‐entrant and the adjoining western salient. Joint analysis of the coupling variation, the geologically inferred MHT geometry variations and the local topographic anomaly pattern strongly suggest the possibility of a potentially active, strain accumulating segment of MBT along the southern margin of Dhauladhar ranges in Western Himachal region, which is also proposed to be influencing the long‐term topographic growth in the region. Although a general agreement is observed between the long‐term shortening rates along the active faults and the estimated geodetic convergence in this region, the ensuing discussion highlights their complex relationship in terms of temporal and spatial variability in the fault activity and elastic‐inelastic deformation. We use the fault orientation and the estimated convergence rate to geometrically constrain a mean dextral slip‐rate of 4.4–5.7 mm/yr along a recently discovered Khetpurali‐Taksal fault, which is proposed to partition the majority of ongoing arc‐parallel deformation along it.

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Section: Long‐term Versus Short‐term Convergence Rates In Himachal Hi...mentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Long‐term Versus Short‐term Convergence Rates In Himachal Hi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Long-term Versus Short-term Convergence Rates In Himachal Hi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evidence of Strain Accumulation and Coupling Variation in the Himachal Region of NW Himalaya From Short Term Geodetic Measurements

et al. 2023

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Arc-Parallel Shear and Orogenic Deformation Along the Oblique Himalayan Convergent Plate Margin: Implications from Topographic- and Gradient-Anomaly Profiling in the Himalaya

Kumar

Malik

Gahalaut

2023

Pure Appl. Geophys.

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An integrated approach to model seismic loss for the Himalayan infrastructure projects: Decision-making and functionality concept for disaster mitigation

Ansari,

Rao,

Jain

2023

Bull Eng Geol Environ

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Geological evidence of paleo-earthquakes on a transverse right-lateral strike-slip fault along the NW Himalayan front: Implications towards fault segmentation and strain partitioning

Cited by 11 publications

References 57 publications

Evidence of Strain Accumulation and Coupling Variation in the Himachal Region of NW Himalaya From Short Term Geodetic Measurements

Evidence of Strain Accumulation and Coupling Variation in the Himachal Region of NW Himalaya From Short Term Geodetic Measurements

Arc-Parallel Shear and Orogenic Deformation Along the Oblique Himalayan Convergent Plate Margin: Implications from Topographic- and Gradient-Anomaly Profiling in the Himalaya

An integrated approach to model seismic loss for the Himalayan infrastructure projects: Decision-making and functionality concept for disaster mitigation

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