Geological framework for assessing variability in subsurface piping parameters underneath dikes in the Rhine-Meuse delta, the Netherlands

Winkels, T.G.; Cohen, K.M.; Knaake, Sebastian M.; Middelkoop, H.; Stouthamer, Esther

doi:10.1016/j.enggeo.2021.106362

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…If these results are upscaled for the Rhine‐Meuse delta at large, regional variability in channel belt architecture and meander dynamics would be expected based on geologically understood variations in substrate configuration, and network‐structure imposed and variations in duration of channel activity (e.g. Weerts, 1996; Berendsen & Stouthamer, 2000; Stouthamer et al ., 2011; Winkels et al ., 2021). The upper delta segment, for example, where floodplain width is narrower, has larger sized and longer‐lived trunk channels mainly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Local mapping studies of various meander‐belt deposits in this region revealed complicated architectures (Hesselink et al ., 2003; Kleinhans et al ., 2011), with abundant evidence for repeated cut‐off and excessive self‐reworking (and pre‐deltaic meander belt and terrace gravel reworking, and bifurcation dynamic complexities). The floodplain widening that occurs with the transition to the lower delta segment, is associated with a much greater number (>20) of distributary channel belts, most of which are considerably smaller and short‐lived, originating from partial avulsions predominantly (Stouthamer & Berendsen, 2000; Gouw, 2008; Stouthamer et al ., 2011; Winkels et al ., 2021). Typical duration for these short‐lived deltaic branches is between 800 and 1200 years (Stouthamer & Berendsen, 2001, their Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To balance the spatial coverage of boreholes, the average compositions of the upper half metre of sandy substrate were investigated. Multiple preparatory actions were performed on the UU‐LLG database records (Winkels et al ., 2021: their appendix C) to extract representative central D 50 values based on the geometric mean of the class boundary values (e.g. Krumbein, 1934; Blott & Pye, 2001).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Utrecht sector of the Rhine‐Meuse delta, The Netherlands, showing various generations of meander‐belt deposits (Cohen et al ., 2012; Winkels et al ., 2021), residual channel deposits (Berendsen, 1982; Pierik et al ., 2017) and location of the Stuivenberg channel belt ( StvCB ) case study area. Coordinates are according to the Dutch national RD ‐grid ( EPSG :28992).…”

Section: Study Area Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…That substrate is mainly composed of gravelly sands left by laterally shifting braided rivers that existed during the Last Glacial Maximum (25 to 20 ka) (Busschers et al ., 2007). Increased aeolian activity in combination with sparse glacial vegetation during final Late Pleistocene stages resulted in deposition of aeolian cover sands in the terraced marginal areas of the Rhine‐Meuse palaeovalley (Busschers et al ., 2005; Winkels et al ., 2021).…”

Section: Study Area Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Planform architecture, meander evolution and grain‐size variability of a deltaic channel belt in the Rhine‐Meuse delta, The Netherlands

2022

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In the unconstrained, low gradient setting of major delta plains, individual meander belts tend to function for relatively short periods of time due to repeated channel avulsion. Their short lifetime makes ‘deltaic’ channel belts suitable to study the products of steady meander evolution as the deposits and internal architectural elements preserved are often without complications of repeated bend cutoffs. This study investigated how sedimentary characteristics as preserved from subsequent stages of activity differ within the Stuivenberg channel belt. The Stuivenberg channel belt is a long‐studied example in the Holocene Rhine‐Meuse delta, The Netherlands, for which the meander evolution, i.e. geometry and dimensions through initiation, main activity and abandonment stages and durations of activity involved, was reconstructed. Mapping of the channel belt started from established coring based and LiDAR‐aided methods. Explorative approaches were used to assess active channel width at the onset of abandonment, and to reconstruct meander positions during earlier stages. The migration history of five consecutive meanders is revealed from convex and concave ridge‐and‐swale scrolls. Analysis identifies them to be the product of translation, expansion and rotation trajectories during a period of 800 years. Grain‐size composition throughout the sand body is interpreted given these positional contexts, with special attention to local coarsening of upper point bar facies in deltaic meander belts. The findings emphasize: (i) the need to separate abandonment stage from main activity stage when analysing three‐dimensional channel belt architectures; and (ii) the influence of meander evolution on lithological characteristics of initial stage versus mature stage parts of deltaic channel belt sands.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%