Deposits of Miocene diatomite in the Trinity Range, west of Lovelock, have supported significant mining for more than 30 years. Gently dipping sequences of diatomite and tuff, comprising more than 100 m of high quality diatomite, are mass mined in four open-pit mines. The high quality diatomite is processed at Colado for filter aids and fillers. The diatomite formed at about 15 Ma in a freshwater lake created during the early stages of Basin-and-Range faulting and volcanism. The deposits were preserved by unusually gentle Tertiary tectonics. Technical properties of the diatomite were protected from destructive diagenesis by uplift shortly after deposition, and protected from erosion by cover afforded by rhyolite, basalt, and gravel. Geologic relations support a likely large inferred resource of diatomite, under less than 30 m of cover, that is favorable for future mining.