Geological-Geophysical Model of the Tengiz Paleo-Atoll Based on Seismostratigraphy

Salov, N. D.; Salov, Yu. A.; Гогоненков, Г. Н.; Akopov, Yu. I.; Tolstykh, A. A.; Denisyuk, R. S.

doi:10.1080/00206818809466085

Cited by 5 publications

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“…In the northern and central Kazakhstan Dzungar area, reefs were renewed in a Givetian carbonate pile up to 2 km thick, but reefs were missing in the Frasnian (Zadoroshnaya and Nikitin, 1990). Famennian through Tournaisian calcimicrobial "Tubiphytes" patch reefs, atolls, and mudmounds were developed on a carbonate platform up to 150 km wide and 1000 km long on the northwestern side of Kazakhstan (Karatau ranges), but not the eastern flanks (Pavlov et al, 1988;Cook et al, 1994). In the "Junggar" region of northwestern Xinjiang in China, a rich early (Emsian) and Middle Devonian coral fauna indicates affinities with Kazakhstan (Deng, 1999), but reefs are undescribed thus far.…”

Section: Tian Shan Fold Belt (Uzbekistan Tadzhikistan Kirgizstan Nmentioning

confidence: 98%

Megareefs in Middle Devonian supergreenhouse climates

Copper¹,

Scotese²

2003

Extreme Depositional Environments: Mega End Members in Geologic Time

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A newly refined reef database, modified to calculate reef tracts in relation to major tectonic plates, and with new paleogeographic maps, indicates that the largest known, and latitudinally most widespread Phanerozoic reefs developed during the Middle Paleozoic (Siluro-Devonian), with an acme in the Middle Devonian. Expanding during times of exceptional sea-level highstands and widespread epicontinental shallow seas, this 26 m.y. long acme of coral-sponge reef growth coincided with the warmest global temperatures known for the Phanerozoic, i.e., with a "supergreenhouse" climate mode well above Holocene interglacial norms. During the Middle Paleozoic, reefs were particularly abundant, occupying large, continental seaboard, carbonate platforms, and vast inland epicontinental seas. Examples of such "extremes" occurred mostly on passive margin settings, and extensive flooded continental interiors, e.g., the 1700-3000 km long tracts of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin, Canadian arctic (Innuitian platform), eastern Laurentia "Old Red Continent" (United Kingdom to Poland), eastern Russian Platform (northeast Laurentia), Ural "Fold Belt" (eastern slopes of Urals), Siberia, northwest Africa, and South China. Smaller scale reef belts between 700 and 1300 km long were constructed on isolated tectonic terranes facing Gondwana on the north (Pyrenees, Afghanistan-Pakistan), Mongolia, Kolyma-Chukot, and North China. Large basins and flooded shelf areas, and the reefs featured within them, were not persistently developed throughout the Middle Paleozoic. They especially characterized the middle Emsian through Givetian (late Early Devonian-Middle Devonian). The following Frasnian (Late Devonian) showed more restricted and confined distribution of coralstromatoporoid reefs, and during the Famennian, coral-stromatoporoid reefs "crashed" and were replaced by calcimicrobial reefs and platforms. During the latter phases of the Frasnian/Famennian mass extinctions, such microbial reefs were confined to relatively small areas, and metazoan reefs were nearly entirely obliterated, being confined to rare stromatoporoid patch reefs or lithistid mounds. Coral reefs were completely absent during the 21 m.y. long Famennian interval, and no real recovery of "keystone" frame-building, colonial corals took place in reef settings. The Famennian coincided with repeated glaciations, sharp sea-surface cooling events, sea-level drawdowns, and concurrent, matching stable isotope excursions.

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Section: Tian Shan Fold Belt (Uzbekistan Tadzhikistan Kirgizstan Nmentioning

confidence: 98%

Megareefs in Middle Devonian supergreenhouse climates

Copper¹,

Scotese²

2003

Extreme Depositional Environments: Mega End Members in Geologic Time

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“…Along the southwestern shelf of the stable East European Platform, in the north Caspian region, massive reef complexes and shallow-water carbonate platforms, some of which form giant oil reservoirs today (Tengiz, Astrakhan, Karachaganak), developed throughout the Early Carboniferous along the margins of the pre-Caspian depression (e.g., Pavlov et al, 1988;Zonenshain et al, 1990;Cook et al, 1991;Murzagaliyev, 1996). This basin had opened in the Middle Devonian, possibly as a pullapart basin, by the rifting of the Ustyurt platform from Baltica and closed incompletely in the Permian; it is widely believed to be underlain by trapped oceanic crust ( Fig.…”

Section: Early Carboniferous (Tournaisian) 340 Mamentioning

confidence: 97%

Assembly of central Asia during the middle and late Paleozoic

Heubeck¹

2001

Paleozoic and Mesozoic Tectonic Evolution of Central and Eastern Asia: From Continental Assembly to Intracontinental Deformatio

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The core of Asia was assembled during the late Paleozoic by numerous collisions between small continental blocks and by accretionary growth along convergent margins. Although the contributions of the major cratons to the overall growth of Asia through time are relatively well understood, the integration of the kinematics, sedimentary environments, and paleogeography of the large number of smaller elements into the picture is in its infancy. The set of paleogeographic maps in this study is a result of superpositioning fixist paleoenvironmental data sets from China and the former Soviet Union on a digital model of tectonic elements. This merger showed only moderate agreement across the common border through time, but fit known plate tectonic boundaries. Structural, paleontological, paleomagnetic, and paleoclimatic data from other sources appear to be less ambiguous indicators than facies correlation in determining the relationship of individual tectonic elements to their neighbors.Prior to final closure in the Permian, the western segment of the Turkestan ocean separated a northern domain composed of Siberia, Baltica, and the Altaids from an east-west elongate group of elements that extended from North China through Tarim and the Tadjik depression westward to the Scythian-Turanian platform. This group shows indications of geographic continuity beginning in the Early Carboniferous. The southern margin of this group of largely continental blocks formed an east-westoriented subduction zone along which the Paleotethys was subducted northward. One or several marginal basins existed between the Hindu Kush and the Kunlun during the Early Carboniferous. During the late Paleozoic, Yili, the North Tian Shan arc, and the volcanic arcs of southern Mongolia, all of which belonged to the Turkestan ocean realm, accreted to the North China-Tarim-Turan assemblage, typically along diachronously closing basins. Diachronous, west to east closure of the Turkestan ocean throughout the late Paleozoic and collision of the Altaids with the eastern European margin contributed to the construction of the nuclear Eurasian landmass.Large-scale kinematic problems in central Asia include, among others, the eastward and westward extent of the Tarim block during Paleozoic time, the timing of closure of the Turkestan ocean, the tectonic framework of the Aral Sea-pre-Caspian region, and the magnitude of Permian strike-slip tectonics.

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“…It developed as a horseshoe reef in Devonian to Carboniferous time and subsequently was uplifted above sea level and eroded, then subsided and covered by thick Permian salt beds (Shebaldin et al, 1988;Pavlov et al, 1988;see Fig. 5).…”

Section: The Tengiz Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seismological block model of the Tengiz field based on three-dimensional seismic exploration data (fromPavlov et al, 1988). Legend (assumed sediments): 1 = Lower Paleozoic and Upper Devonian; 2 = Upper Devonian elastics; 3 = carbonate sediments of paleo-atoll; 4 = lagoonal facies of atoll; 5 = carbonate "sandstones"; 6 = clastic debris of paleo-atoll; 7 = clastic-carbonate and basinal sediments; 8 = Lower Permian clay-carbonate sediments; 9 = erosion surface; 10 = faults in infrasalt sediments; 11 = folding in salt complex; 12 = Kungurian saline sediments; 13 = suprasalt complex in saline basins; 14 = faults in suprasalt complex; 15 = exploratory wells.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Oil Resources of Kazakhstan

Sagers¹,

Matzko

1993

International Geology Review

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Kazakhstan, the second-largest oil-producing former Soviet republic, accounts for 5 to 6 percent of total Soviet output in recent years. With over 15 billion barrels of proven and probable reserves, it has attracted some capital from major international oil companies and has been in the forefront of their "rush" into the region. Kazakhstan has signed contracts with more than 40 foreign companies from 17 different countries, including several mega-deals. Output has declined over the past two years (by 13.5%, from 26.6 million tons in 1991 to 23.0 million tons in 1993), mainly because of the ongoing economic and political changes set in motion after the demise of the USSR, and principally due to problems involving Kazakhstan's trade relations with Russia. Output continues to be restricted because of the lack of an independent pipeline route to the world market. Kazakhstan's main oil-producing areas are concentrated in the North Caspian Basin. Early production in the area was from suprasalt Permian and Cretaceous rocks, in structural traps originating from salt tectonism. More recently, significant discoveries such as Tengiz and Karachaganak have been made in subsalt upper Paleozoic rocks. The greatest hydrocarbon potential is in the infrasalt Paleozoic deposits; the suprasalt deposits tend to have smaller reserves, and the deeper, lower Paleozoic sediments appear to have the least potential. Other areas of established or potential hydrocarbon accumulation include the older producing areas on the Mangyshlak-Buzachi peninsula, which still account for most of Kazakhstan's hydrocarbon production; the Turgay syneclise, which is the location of the Kumkol field and the unexploited Kushmurun basin; and the Zaysan basin in eastern Kazakhstan.

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Geological-Geophysical Model of the Tengiz Paleo-Atoll Based on Seismostratigraphy

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Megareefs in Middle Devonian supergreenhouse climates

Megareefs in Middle Devonian supergreenhouse climates

Assembly of central Asia during the middle and late Paleozoic

The Oil Resources of Kazakhstan

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