The Chang'E-6 (CE-6) mission successfully achieved the first sample from the farside of the Moon. The sampling site of CE-6 is located in the South Pole-Aitken (SPA) basin, the largest, deepest and oldest impact basin on the Moon. The 1935.3 g of CE-6 lunar samples exhibit distinct characteristics compared to previous lunar samples. This study analyses the physical, mineralogical, petrographic, and geochemical properties of CE-6 lunar scooped samples. The CE-6 soil has a significantly lower bulk density (0.983 g/cm3) and true density (3.035 g/cm3) than the Chang'E-5 (CE-5) samples. The grain size of CE-6 soil exhibits a bimodal distribution indicating a mixture of different compositions. Mineralogically, the CE-6 soil consists of 32.6% plagioclase (anorthite and bytownite), 19.7% augite, 10% pigeonite, 3.6% orthopyroxene, with low olivine (0.5%) but high amorphous glass (29.4%). Geochemically, the bulk composition of CE-6 soil is rich in Al2O3 (14%) and CaO (12%) but low in FeO (17%), and trace elements of CE-6 soil such as K (∼630 ppm), U (0.26 ppm), Th (0.92 ppm), and REE are significantly lower than those of the lunar soils within the Procellarum KREEP Terrane (PKT). The local basalts are characterized by low-Ti (TiO2, 5.08%), low-Al (Al2O3 9.85%), and low-K (∼830 ppm) features, suggesting the CE-6 soil is a mixture of local basalts and non-basaltic ejacta. The returned CE-6 sample contains diverse lithic fragments, including local mare basalt, breccia, agglutinate, glasses, and leucocrate. These local mare basalt documents the volcanism history of lunar farside, while the non-basaltic fragments may offer critical insights into the lunar highland crust, SPA impact melts, and potentially the deep lunar mantle, making these sample highly significant for scientific research.
