Geology and History of Evolution of the ALCAPA Mega-Unit

Szederkényi, Tibor; Kovács, Sándor; Haas, János; Nagymarosy, András

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-21910-8_1

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…1). Concerning the potential raw material sources, the study area is constituted by the mountains and their foothills (named Bükkalja), which together have a complex geological history (Pelikán 2005;Szederkényi et al, 2012). From a structural point of view, the Bükk Mountains are a part of the ALCAPA Mega-unit which belongs to the African plate.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prehistoric Stone Raw Materials from the Bükk Mountains in Northeastern Hungary

Faragó

Péter

Viktorik

et al. 2022

apolona

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From the period of the Neanderthals to those of the Late Neolithic populations, the Bükk Mountains region played an important part in the lives of various prehistoric societies, and the varied geological history of this territory provided distinct circumstances for the production of stone implements. The major goal of our research is to outline the current state of information concerning the prehistoric use of the diverse silicified source materials of the Bükk mountains. The results of these studies are presented concerning four selected local rock types, cited in the archaeological literature as the silicified sandstone of Egerbakta, the radiolarite and hornstone (black chert), the silicified marlstone and the quartz-porphyry (metarhyolite). Except for the latter, little attention has previously been paid to studying them in detail. Our new petrographic analyses revealed two variants of the raw material from Egerbakta: a silicified sandstone and a diatomaceous detrital chert. The other samples turned out to be radiolarites. This result confirmed what was already suggested for the hornstones (black cherts), however, it has new consequences for the “silicified marlstone”. Regarding the prehistoric use of the selected raw materials, archaeological data show interesting dynamics through time. The Mousterian groups of the region used a large spectrum of rocks for lithic tools with a preference for hornstone (black cherts) and radiolarite in the southern part, and the quartz-porphyry (metarhyolite) in the northeastern part. The Bábonyian/Micoquian assemblages are characterized by a bifacial toolkit and an apparent preference for quartz-porphyry (metarhyolite). At the beginning of the Upper Palaeolithic, a new attitude appears in the region: the Aurignacian groups almost completely ignored local sources. During the Neolithization of the Carpathian Basin, the lithic assemblages of the Alföld Linear Pottery culture became more and more habituated to the locally available rock types, albeit their raw material economy was based on limnosilicites and obsidian. Another change took place during the Late Neolithic when supra-regional sources became dominant over local or regional sources.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the Palaeogene period, the mountains ascended and descended several times (Pelikán 2005;Szederkényi et al, 2012). As a result, while these formations were covered by the Pannonian Sea, shallow marine sediments (marl, clay, sand) were deposited, and extensive erosional processes took place, resulting in denudation when they were raised.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prehistoric Stone Raw Materials from the Bükk Mountains in Northeastern Hungary

Faragó

Péter

Viktorik

et al. 2022

apolona

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“…The Balaton Highland and Lake Balaton are located in the Transdanubian Range Unit, which is part of the ALCAPA Mega-Unit. In terms of its structure, non-metamorphic younger formations are superimposed on Palaeozoic rocks that have undergone a low degree of metamorphosis [30][31][32]. Above the metamorphic basement, the formations of the Permian-Triassic period dominate the Balaton Highland's geological structure.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…formations are superimposed on Palaeozoic rocks that have undergone a low degree of metamorphosis [30][31][32]. Above the metamorphic basement, the formations of the Permian-Triassic period dominate the Balaton Highland's geological structure.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Multimethodological Revisit of the Surface Water and Groundwater Interaction in the Balaton Highland Region—Implications for the Overlooked Groundwater Component of Lake Balaton, Hungary

Tóth

Baják

Szijártó

et al. 2023

Water

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The hummocky Balaton Highland is located in western Hungary and is part of the Transdanubian Mountains, the most extensive carbonate aquifer system in Hungary. The study region also encompasses Lake Balaton, the biggest lake in central Europe, which is to the south of Balaton Highland. The surface water–groundwater interaction in the Balaton Highland–Lake Balaton region and the groundwater contribution to Lake Balaton are revisited in this paper. Hydrostratigraphic classification was performed first; then, groundwater flow directions by hydraulic head distribution were analysed, and baseflow indices of surface watercourses were calculated. Regarding hydrochemical characterisation, general hydrochemical facies were identified, natural tracers of temperature, chloride and uranium were applied, and the stable isotopic composition of oxygen and hydrogen was determined. Finally, groundwater flow and heat transport were simulated in a 2D numerical model. A high level of hydraulic interaction was evidenced between surface water and groundwater and the sub-regions of Bakony Mountains, Balaton Highland and Lake Balaton by physical and chemical parameters, numerical simulation and groundwater-flow-related natural manifestations, revealing hydraulic continuity in the study region. Based on the results, the division of legislative water bodies can be reconsidered, especially that surface water and groundwater should be regarded as interconnected, and Lake Balaton can be considered a groundwater-dependent ecosystem in any water-use planning in the region.

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Characterization of the palaeoenvironmental conditions in the Pannonian Basin during the last 34 mys related to the formation of haematitic and kaolinitic sedimentary rocks

Tràjer

2023

Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch)

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The Pannonian Basin is a sediment-filled back-arc basin which was formed during the Late Paleogene–Neogene period. Such sedimentary rocks like bauxites or kaolinites, which are important with regard to industry in the region, are the products of former weathering processes. However, our knowledge about the palaeoenvironmental conditions which led to the formation of these mineral resources has not yet been integrated. For this purpose, the former biomes, climatic classes as well as karstification, weathering and paedogenic processes were investigated over the last 34 mys using the southeastern regions of China and the United States as climatically analogous regions. By the second half of the Oligocene, the conditions of intensive chemical weathering ceased to exist in the Pannonian Basin, which enabled the formation of lateritic bauxites during earlier periods. However, up to the mid-Serravallian Stage, intensive karstification as well as the formation of haematite-rich ultisols and alfisols continued when humid subtropical climatic conditions came about. The modelled biomes indicate that aridification during the Early to Middle Miocene led to the formation of less dense vegetation, exacerbating the re-deposition of weathering products. These conditions resulted in the accumulation of haematitic and kaolinitic sedimentary rocks in the fossilized karst depressions. The progressive cooling following the mid-Pliocene decreased the intensity of karstification, moreover, the cessation of humid subtropical conditions brought the sedimentation of haematitic and kaolinitic sedimentary rocks in the Pannonian Basin to an end.

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Geology and History of Evolution of the ALCAPA Mega-Unit

Cited by 5 publications

References 57 publications

Prehistoric Stone Raw Materials from the Bükk Mountains in Northeastern Hungary

Prehistoric Stone Raw Materials from the Bükk Mountains in Northeastern Hungary

Multimethodological Revisit of the Surface Water and Groundwater Interaction in the Balaton Highland Region—Implications for the Overlooked Groundwater Component of Lake Balaton, Hungary

Characterization of the palaeoenvironmental conditions in the Pannonian Basin during the last 34 mys related to the formation of haematitic and kaolinitic sedimentary rocks

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