Geology and paleontology of the early Tertiary Chuckanut Formation

Mustoe, George; Dillhoff, Richard M.; Dillhoff, Thomas A.

doi:10.1130/2007.fld009(06)

Cited by 22 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The Chuckanut and Swauk formations were offset by the Straight Creek -Fraser fault zone (Mustoe and Gannaway 1997), indicating that the onset of orogeny probably occurred in the middle Tertiary. The scarcity of Oligocene and younger sedimentary rocks in northwest Washington and British Columbia supports this interpretation; regional uplift would have produced topography less favorable to the existence of large depositional basins, which were widespread in the Eocene.…”

Section: Geologic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paleobotanical evidence for the post-Miocene uplift of the Cascade Range

Mustoe

Leopold

2014

Can. J. Earth Sci.

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Five Neogene floras in southern Washington and northwest Oregon indicate that the uplift of the Cascade Range occurred after ϳ8-6 Ma. Miocene floras west of the range (Wilkes and Faraday floras) resemble paleofloras of correlative age to the east (Rattlesnake Hills, Palouse Falls, and lower Ringold). The statistical similarity of Miocene floras east and west of the Cascade Range axis demonstrates that a similar mesic, warm climate across the Pacific Northwest existed during the Middle and Late Miocene. These floras represent mixed hardwood-conifer forests that commonly contained Taxodium (bald cypress) and other mesophytic taxa. Based on Jaccard similarity coefficients calibrated with climatic data from modern plant communities, these paleofloras indicate a climate that was summer-wet, unlike that of the Pacific Northwest today. The annual precipitation was >100 cm, and the estimated mean annual temperatures of the fossil sites were 12-13°C. The Miocene floras indicate that the development of a Cascade rain shadow in eastern Washington did not develop until after the deposition of the lower Ringold Formation in eastern Washington. That conclusion is reinforced by a well-documented climate and sediment sequence in the Snake River Valley, Idaho. There, well-dated pollen sections record a sharp decrease (by ϳ30%-50%) in the annual precipitation regime after the Late Miocene Banbury Basalt and Poison Creek formations and before ϳ3.4 Ma. The existence of extensive late Ringold sediments uplifted on the north side of Saddle Mountain indicates that the structural lifting of the Cascade Range had begun by 3.

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Section: Geologic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paleobotanical evidence for the post-Miocene uplift of the Cascade Range

Mustoe

Leopold

2014

Can. J. Earth Sci.

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“…Coastal assemblages of similar age include many tropical to subtropical elements that grew under warm climates (Rouse 1962;Mustard and Rouse 1994). These include the localities at Appian Way on Vancouver Island (Mindell et al 2009) and Burrard Inlet in British Columbia (Rouse 1962;Mustard and Rouse 1994) and the Chuckanut Formation (Mustoe and Gannaway 1997;Breedlovestrout et al 2013), the Swauk Formation (DeVore and Pigg 2010), and the Puget Group in Washington (Wolfe 1968;Burnham 1990Burnham , 1994. In contrast, the Okanagan Highlands floras are characterized by plant assemblages that include a dominant temperate component (Rouse 1962;Johnson 1996;Greenwood et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of paleobotanical studies of the Early Eocene Okanagan (Okanogan) Highlands floras of British Columbia, Canada, and Washington, USA

et al. 2016

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“…Floral proxies indicate a considerably warmer climate in coeval nearby coastal lowland formations, with a substantial elevational MAT gradient upslope to the cooler Okanagan Highlands (16,17,19,(36)(37)(38)(39). It is highly unlikely that all localities bearing Pachymerina were situated at the precise elevation of the coldest limits of palm tolerance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fossil palm beetles refine upland winter temperatures in the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum

Archibald

Morse

Greenwood

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Eocene climate and associated biotic patterns provide an analog system to understand their modern interactions. The relationship between mean annual temperatures and winter temperaturestemperature seasonality-may be an important factor in this dynamic. Fossils of frost-intolerant palms imply low Eocene temperature seasonality into high latitudes, constraining average winter temperatures there to >8°C. However, their presence in a paleocommunity may be obscured by taphonomic and identification factors for macrofossils and pollen. We circumvented these problems by establishing the presence of obligate palm-feeding beetles (Chrysomelidae: Pachymerina) at three localities (a fourth, tentatively) in microthermal to lower mesothermal Early Eocene upland communities in Washington and British Columbia. This provides support for warmer winter Eocene climates extending northward into cooler Canadian uplands.palm bruchines | paleoclimate | Okanagan Highlands | palm pollen

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Geology and paleontology of the early Tertiary Chuckanut Formation

Cited by 22 publications

References 12 publications

Paleobotanical evidence for the post-Miocene uplift of the Cascade Range

Paleobotanical evidence for the post-Miocene uplift of the Cascade Range

A review of paleobotanical studies of the Early Eocene Okanagan (Okanogan) Highlands floras of British Columbia, Canada, and Washington, USA

Fossil palm beetles refine upland winter temperatures in the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum

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