Geology, fluid inclusion and H-O-S isotopes of the Kuruer Cu-Au deposit in Western Tianshan, Xinjiang, China

Yu, Jie; Li, Nuo; Shu, Sun-ping; Zhang, Bo; Guo, Jianping; Chen, Yanjing

doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2017.07.016

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Generally, meteoric water is mostly sourced from shallow depths at relatively low temperatures. Temperature is one of the key controls on the enrichment, migration, and precipitation of ore‐forming materials (e.g., Wang, Wang, Liu, & Wang, ; Pei, Zhang, Santosh, et al, ; Yu, Li, et al, ). A reasonable explanation for the Bulage deposit is that the quartz diorite provided part of the ore‐forming material and also heated the meteoric water.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genesis and tectonic setting of the Bulage Pb–Zn deposit, Inner Mongolia, China: Evidence from geology, fluid inclusions, EMPA, H–O isotope systematics, zircon U–Pb geochronology, and geochemistry

Jian

Cai

Fu³

et al. 2018

Geological Journal

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The recently discovered Bulage Pb-Zn deposit is located in the central part of the Erlianhot-Dongwuqi Metallogenic Belt (eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt) in Inner Mongolia, China. The ore bodies of the deposit are hosted in alkali feldspar granite and in dacitic crystal tuff within Unit 2 of the Carboniferous Baoligaomiao Formation.The Bulage deposit is a low to moderate temperature hydrothermal vein-type deposit and is controlled by fractures. The hydrothermal mineralization can be divided into three stages: early (quartz + specularite ± magnetite), middle (quartz + sphalerite + galena ± chalcopyrite ± pyrite), and late (calcite ± quartz + sphalerite + galena). The deposit contains liquid-rich two-phase (VL-type) and pure-liquid (L-type) fluid inclusions. The initial ore-forming fluids are attributed to the low to moderate temperature and low salinity of a NaCl-H 2 O system. Hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions of quartz and calcite indicate that the ore-forming fluids were dominated by meteoric water with minor contributions of magmatic water. The quartz diorite, monzonite porphyry, and alkali feldspar granite in the deposit yield LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb ages of 305-300 Ma. These high-K calc-alkaline I-type granitoids are enriched in large-ion lithophile elements (LILEs; e.g., Rb, Cs, and K) and light rare earth elements (LREEs) and are depleted in high-field-strength elements (HFSEs; e.g., Nb, Ta, and Ti) and heavy rare earth elements (HREEs). The primary magma of these granitoids was derived from the partial melting of lower crust. The parental magma of the quartz diorite may have provided part of the ore-forming material and acted as a heat source for mineralization. Therefore, we infer that the Bulage Pb-Zn deposit was formed as a result of the southward subduction of the Paleo-Asian Ocean beneath the North China Craton during the Late Carboniferous.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genesis and tectonic setting of the Bulage Pb–Zn deposit, Inner Mongolia, China: Evidence from geology, fluid inclusions, EMPA, H–O isotope systematics, zircon U–Pb geochronology, and geochemistry

Jian

Cai

Fu³

et al. 2018

Geological Journal

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“…The H-O isotope analyses were performed at the Analytical Test Center of the Beijing Institute of Geological Sciences (Beijing, China) using a Finnigan-MAT253 mass spectrometer. Every stage of the quartz grains for H-O isotope analysis was separated using a magnetic separator from the quartz-bearing samples of the corresponding mineralization stage [31,32]. Oxygen was liberated from quartz by reaction with BrF 5 and converted to CO 2 on a platinum-coated carbon rod for the oxygen isotope analysis [33].…”

Section: H-o Isotope Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The samples used to measure the hydrogen isotopes were first degassed of unstable volatiles by heating at 150 • C for 3 h under a vacuum. The water in the quartz samples was released by heating the samples to approximately 500 • C in an induction furnace and then reacted with zinc powder at 410 • C to generate hydrogen for the hydrogen isotope analysis [32]. The results are reported in per per milliliter, relative to V-SMOW standards, and the precision was ±2% for δD and ±0.2% for δ 18 O [34].…”

Section: H-o Isotope Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Geology, Fluid Inclusions and Stable Isotopes of the Xialiugou Polymetallic Deposit in North Qilian, Northwest China: Constraints on its Metallogenesis

et al. 2019

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The Xialiugou polymetallic deposit is located in the North Qilian Orogenic Belt, Northwest China, of which the main ore-bearing strata are the Middle Cambrian Heicigou Group. The mineralization is zoned with “black” orebodies (galena–sphalerite), which are stratigraphically above the “yellow” orebodies (pyrite–chalcopyrite–tennantite) at the lower zone, corresponding to the alteration assemblages of quartz–sericite in the ore-proximal zone and chlorite in the ore-distal zone. The Xialiugou mineralization can be divided into three stages: (1) Stage I (pyrite); (2) Stage II (chalcopyrite–tennantite–sphalerite); and (3) Stage III (galena–sphalerite). Fluid inclusions data indicate that the physicochemical conditions that lead to ore formation were the medium–low temperature (157–350 °C) and low salinity (0.17–6.87 wt % NaCleqv), and that the ore-forming temperature tended to decrease with the successive mineralization processes. Taking the H–O isotopic compositions (δDV-SMOW = −51.0‰ to −40.5‰, δ18OH2O = −0.4‰ to 8.6‰) into consideration, the ore-forming fluids were most likely derived from seawater with a small amount of magmatic- and meteoric-fluids input. In addition, the combined S (−3.70‰ to 0.10‰) and Pb isotopic (206Pb/204Pb = 18.357 to 18.422, 207Pb/204Pb = 15.615 to 15.687, 208Pb/204Pb = 38.056 to 38.248) data of pyrite indicate that the ore-bearing volcanic rocks may be an important source of ore-forming materials. Finally, we inferred that the Xialiugou deposit shares similarities with the most important volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits (Baiyinchang ore field) in China and typical “black ore” type VMS deposits worldwide.

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“…During the past decades, a number of Paleozoic epithermal deposits (e.g. the Axi, Jiamante, Kuruer) (Zhai et al, ; Wu et al, ; Zhang et al, ; Yu et al, , b) and porphyry Cu‐Mo deposits (e.g. Kendenggao'er; Dabate) (Duan et al, ; Wang et al, ) have been discovered in this area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kendenggao'er; Dabate) (Duan et al, ; Wang et al, ) have been discovered in this area. Many systematic studies have focused on porphyry Cu‐(Mo) deposits and epithermal Au deposits to document their geological characteristics, fluids, isotopic ages, genesis, and tectonic settings (Xue et al, ; Chen et al, ; Yu et al, , b). The Eastern Tianshan‐Beishan Orogenic Belt is an important polymetallic mineral province in China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genesis of the Xiuwenghala Gold Deposit in the Beishan Orogen, Northwest China: Evidence from Geology, Fluid Inclusion, and H–O–S–Pb Isotopes

et al. 2019

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The Xiuwenghala gold deposit is located in the Beishan Orogen of the southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt. The vein/lenticular gold orebodies are controlled by Northeast-trending faults and are hosted mainly in the brecciated/ altered tuff and rhyolite porphyry of the Lower Carboniferous Baishan Formation. Metallic minerals include mainly pyrite and minor chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, galena, and sphalerite, whilst nonmetallic minerals include quartz, chalcedony, sericite, chlorite, and calcite. Hydrothermal alterations consist of silicic, sericite, chlorite, and carbonate. Alteration/mineralization processes comprise three stages: pre-ore silicic alteration (Stage I), syn-ore quartz-chalcedony-polymetallic sulfide mineralization (Stage II), and post-ore quartz-calcite veining (Stage III). Fluid inclusions (FIs) in quartz and calcite are dominated by L-type with minor V-type and lack any daughter mineral-bearing or CO 2 -rich/-bearing inclusions. From Stages I to III, the FIs homogenized at 240-260 C, 220-250 C, and 150-190 C, with corresponding salinities of 2.9-10.9, 3.2-11.1, and 2.9-11.9 wt.% NaCl eqv., respectively. The mineralization depth at Xiuwenghala is estimated to be relatively shallow (<1 km). FI results indicate that the ore-forming fluids belong to a low to medium-temperature, low-salinity, and low-density NaCl-H 2 O system. The δ 18 O H2O values decrease from Stage I to III (3.7‰, 1.7-2.4‰, and −1.7 to 0.9‰, respectively), and a similar trend is found for their δD H 2 O values (−104 to −90‰, −126 to −86‰, and −130 to −106‰, respectively). This indicates that the fluid source gradually evolved from magmatic to meteoric. δ 34 S values of the hydrothermal pyrites (−3.0 to 0.0‰; avg. −1.1‰) resemble those of typical magmatic/mantle-derived sulfides. Pyrite Pb isotopic ) are similar to those of the (sub)volcanic ore host, indicating that the origin of ore-forming material was mainly the upper crustal (sub)volcanic rocks. Integrating evidence from geology, FIs, and H-O-S-Pb isotopes, we suggest that Xiuwenghala is best classified as a low-sulfidation epithermal gold deposit.

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Geology, fluid inclusion and H-O-S isotopes of the Kuruer Cu-Au deposit in Western Tianshan, Xinjiang, China

Cited by 13 publications

References 38 publications

Genesis and tectonic setting of the Bulage Pb–Zn deposit, Inner Mongolia, China: Evidence from geology, fluid inclusions, EMPA, H–O isotope systematics, zircon U–Pb geochronology, and geochemistry

Genesis and tectonic setting of the Bulage Pb–Zn deposit, Inner Mongolia, China: Evidence from geology, fluid inclusions, EMPA, H–O isotope systematics, zircon U–Pb geochronology, and geochemistry

Geology, Fluid Inclusions and Stable Isotopes of the Xialiugou Polymetallic Deposit in North Qilian, Northwest China: Constraints on its Metallogenesis

Genesis of the Xiuwenghala Gold Deposit in the Beishan Orogen, Northwest China: Evidence from Geology, Fluid Inclusion, and H–O–S–Pb Isotopes

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