Geology, geochronology and isotopic geochemistry of the Xiaoliugou W–Mo ore field in the Qilian Orogen, NW China: Case study of a skarn system formed during continental collision

Zheng, Yi; Ding, Zhenju; Cawood, Peter A.; Yue, Su-Wei

doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2016.01.013

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The Th/U ratios range from 0.10 to 5.84, with six exceptions of 1.9*10 -5 (1331 Ma), 0. (Bovet et al, 2009;Chen et al, 2014b;Chen et al, 2012;Cheng et al, 2017;Duan et al, 2015;Gehrels et al, 2003b;Gong et al, 2017;Lu et al, 2008;Song et al, 2013;Song et al, 2009;Tseng et al, 2007;Tung et al, 2007;Tung et al, 2016;Wang et al, 2017a;Wang et al, 2016a;Wei and Song, 2008;Xia and Song, 2010;Xu et al, 2015;Yang et al, 2009;Yu et al, 2015;Zeng et al, 2016;Zhang et al, 2007a;Zheng et al, 2017b) (Fig. 8a-8b, 8k-8n, 8r-8s (Fig.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Provenance analysis of the Yumen Basin and northern Qilian Shan: Implications for the pre-collisional paleogeography in the NE Tibetan plateau and eastern termination of Altyn Tagh fault

et al. 2019

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Understanding the pre-collisional paleogeography in the NE Tibetan plateau provides insights into the growth mechanisms of the northern portion of the plateau in the Cenozoic. We conducted sandstone petrography analysis and determined U-Pb ages for detrital zircons from Cretaceous sandstone from the Yumen Basin and the northern Qilian Shan. Cretaceous strata in the northern Yumen Basin yield a unimodal age population at 290-240 Ma that indicates primary derivation from Bei Shan. Cretaceous strata in the westernmost Yumen Basin contain zircons of 2.6-2.2 Ga, 2.1-1.7 Ga, 1.4-0.7 Ga, 440-380 Ma and 300-230 Ma, suggesting source derivation from both the Qilian Shan and Bei Shan. Within the northern Qilian Shan, Cretaceous strata yield age populations of 2.8-2.3 Ga, 2.1-1.2 Ga, 480-380 Ma and ca. 270 Ma, indicating derivation from the Qilian Shan. Sandstone composition results show that a sample from the northern Qilian Shan contains more lithic fragments and plots in the recycled orogen field of the quartz-feldspar-lithics (QFL) diagram, while samples from Yumen Basin are more quartz-rich and plot close to the continental block field of the QFL diagram. This compositional difference corresponds to source variation, consistent with the detrital zircon record. Combined with existing sedimentology and low-temperature thermochronology datasets, we suggest the presence of Cretaceous topographic relief in the Bei Shan and Qilian Shan prior to India-Asia collision. Considering >300 km post-Cretaceous left-lateral offset along the Altyn Tagh Fault (ATF) and the consistently similar detrital zircon ages spectra of the samples from the Cretaceous to late Oligocene strata in the Yumen Basin, we infer the palaeogeography in the NE Tibetan plateau has been similar from the late Cretaceous to the late Oligocene with ATF termination in the western Yumen Basin instead of having been linked to strike-slip faults in the Alxa or other regions to the east since its initiation.

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Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Provenance analysis of the Yumen Basin and northern Qilian Shan: Implications for the pre-collisional paleogeography in the NE Tibetan plateau and eastern termination of Altyn Tagh fault

et al. 2019

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“…In general, the molybdenites from the mantle and/or subducted oceanic crust generally contain higher Re contents (n × 10 2 ppm) than those from the continental crustal rocks (n-n × 10 ppm; [25,42,[44][45][46]). The Re contents in molybdenite from Lyangar vary from 12.49 to 16.65 ppm (average 14.31 ppm; Table 1), which are comparable to those of many W-Mo skarn deposits in NW China, such as Xiaoliugou (6.23-14.87 ppm; [47]) and Xiaobaishitou (40.33−64.67 ppm; [3]) in which the ore-forming materials were inferred to be derived mainly from the continental crust.…”

Section: Source Of Ore-forming Componentsmentioning

confidence: 60%

Re-Os Geochronology and Sulfur Isotopes of the Lyangar W-Mo Deposit: Implications for Permian Tectonic Setting in South Tianshan Orogen, Uzbekistan

Zhou

Chen

Nurtaev³

et al. 2019

Minerals

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The Lyangar W-Mo skarn deposit is located in the Nuratau area (western Uzbekistan), South Tianshan Orogen. The skarn system is distributed along the contact zone between the Aktau granitoid and the upper Paleozoic sedimentary rocks. Six molybdenite samples from the Lyangar deposit yielded a Middle Permian Re-Os isochron age of 268.0 ± 12.0 Ma (MSWD = 0.43) and a weighted mean age of 263.8 ± 1.5 Ma (MSWD = 0.22). Molybdenites have low Re contents (12.49 to 16.65 ppm), indicative of a continental crust-dominated source. The molybdenite δ 34 S values fall inside a narrow range (1.0 to 3.8% ; average 2.3% ), implying that the ore metals were likely derived from the granite intrusion. We concluded that the Lyangar W-Mo deposit was formed in a post-collisional setting caused by continental collision between the Tarim and Kazakhstan cratons.

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“…Orogenic gold deposits have been an important source of gold in China [2] and are widely distributed in the Tian Shan orogenic belt [14,15], Ailaoshan tectonic belt [16][17][18], northern margin of North China Craton [19][20][21], and orogenic belts of northwestern China [22,23] (Figure 1). The northern Qaidam orogenic belt (NQOB) is an orogenic belt in northwestern China that hosts a range of Au, Cu, Pb, and Zn deposits [23][24][25][26][27][28]. However, little research has been published on these gold deposits in international literature until now, which restricts our understanding of these gold deposits in NQOB.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluid Inclusion and H–O–S–Pb Isotope Geochemistry of the Yuka Orogenic Gold Deposit, Northern Qaidam, China

Cai

Zheng

et al. 2019

Geofluids

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The Yuka gold deposit, located in the western part of northern Qaidam, contains Au orebodies hosted in early Paleozoic metamorphic basic volcaniclastic rocks. The Yuka mineralization can be divided into three stages: early quartz-pyrite (stage-I), middle quartz-gold-polymetallic sulfide (stage-II), and late quartz-carbonate (stage-III). Gold deposition is primarily contained within stage-II. Three types of fluid inclusions were identified in the vein mineral assemblages using petrography and laser Raman spectroscopy: H2O-CO2-NaCl (C-type), H2O-NaCl (W-type), and pure CO2 (PC-type). Stage-I fluids record medium temperatures (205.2°C to 285.5°C) and H2O-CO2-NaCl±CH4 fluids with variable salinities (0.6–8.5 wt.% NaCl equiv.). Stage-II fluids evolved towards a more H2O-rich composition within a H2O-CO2-NaCl±CH4 hydrothermal system at medium temperatures (193.1°C to 271.1°C), with variable salinities (0.4–11.7 wt.% NaCl equiv.). Stage-III fluids are almost pure H2O and characterized by low temperatures (188.1°C to 248.5°C) and salinities (0.4–16.1 wt.% NaCl equiv.). These data indicate that ore-forming fluids are characterized by low to medium homogenization temperatures and low salinity and are evolved from a CO2-rich metamorphogenic fluid to a CO2-poor fluid due to inputs of meteoric waters, which is similar to orogenic-type gold deposits. The average δ18OW of quartz varies from 3.3‰ in stage-I to 2.1‰ in stage-II and to 1.4‰ in stage-III, with the δD values ranging from −41.6‰ to −58.5‰, suggesting that ore-forming fluids formed from metamorphic fluids mixed with meteoric waters. Auriferous pyrite δ34S ranges from 0.5 to 7.4‰ with a mean value of 4.43‰, suggesting that fluids were partially derived from Paleozoic rocks via fluid-wall rock interactions. Auriferous pyrites have 206Pb/204Pb of 18.238–18.600 (average of 18.313), 207Pb/204Pb of 15.590–15.618 (average of 15.604), and 208Pb/204Pb of 38.039–38.775 (average of 38.1697) and stem from the upper crust. Basing on geological characteristics of the ore deposit as well as new data from the ore-forming fluids, and H-O-S-Pb isotopes, the Yuka gold deposit is best described as an orogenic-type gold deposit.

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Geology, geochronology and isotopic geochemistry of the Xiaoliugou W–Mo ore field in the Qilian Orogen, NW China: Case study of a skarn system formed during continental collision

Abstract: The Xiaoliugou W-Mo ore field lies within the mid-Paleozoic North Qilian Orogen, NW China, and hosts a W resource of 48.8 Mt @ 0.4% and 412.6 Mt of Mo @ 0.075%.

Cited by 13 publications

References 50 publications

Provenance analysis of the Yumen Basin and northern Qilian Shan: Implications for the pre-collisional paleogeography in the NE Tibetan plateau and eastern termination of Altyn Tagh fault

Provenance analysis of the Yumen Basin and northern Qilian Shan: Implications for the pre-collisional paleogeography in the NE Tibetan plateau and eastern termination of Altyn Tagh fault

Re-Os Geochronology and Sulfur Isotopes of the Lyangar W-Mo Deposit: Implications for Permian Tectonic Setting in South Tianshan Orogen, Uzbekistan

Fluid Inclusion and H–O–S–Pb Isotope Geochemistry of the Yuka Orogenic Gold Deposit, Northern Qaidam, China

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