Geology of the Cordilleran Orogen in Canada

Gabrielse, H; Yorath, C J

doi:10.1130/dnag-gna-g2

Cited by 50 publications

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“…The Cordillera in northern Canada developed on the western margin of North America during lithospheric plate interactions from the Devonian through the early Tertiary. Surface rocks consist of North American marginal strata that range from Paleoproterozoic to Paleozoic in age, pericratonic and allochthonous terranes that were accreted to western North America during Mesozoic‐Tertiary orogenesis, and synorogenic to post orogenic igneous and sedimentary rocks [ Gabrielse et al , 1991]. The main collisional phase of the Cordillera resulted in east‐northeast contraction [e.g., Gabrielse et al , 1991] and the development of a series of late northwest striking dextral strike‐slip faults, the most prominent of which is the Tintina–Northern Rocky Mountain trench fault system which displaced earlier structures (Figure 1) [ Gabrielse , 1985].…”

Section: Regional Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the Late Proterozoic and Early Paleozoic, a complex west facing Atlantic‐type margin overlapped Proterozoic supracrustal rocks and their depositional basement [e.g., Gabrielse et al , 1991]. Passive margin sedimentation continued until the late Devonian, when the source region of the detritus shifted to the west as a result of regional uplift and orogenic activity [e.g., Gordey et al , 1987].…”

Section: Regional Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Passive margin sedimentation continued until the late Devonian, when the source region of the detritus shifted to the west as a result of regional uplift and orogenic activity [e.g., Gordey et al , 1987]. Evidence of Late Devonian tectonism in the northern Canadian Cordillera includes deformed Paleozoic rocks in structural windows within some of the accreted terranes, and local uplifts that predate Mississippian and younger sedimentation [ Bell , 1973; Coflin et al , 1990; Gabrielse et al , 1991].…”

Section: Regional Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the exposed structures of the northeastern Cordillera were formed during Mesozoic contraction and Late Mesozoic–Early Cenozoic transcurrent motion. Northeast verging thrust faults and folds of the Foreland belt formed when terranes, including Cache Creek, Yukon–Tanana and Stikinia [ Gabrielse et al , 1991], converged with North America. Whether these terranes were originally far from the margin, as suggested by interpretations of faunal assemblages [e.g., Gabrielse et al , 1991] and paleomagnetic data [e.g., Irving et al , 1996], or whether they were relatively close to the margin, as suggested for some of them by stratigraphic studies [e.g., Nelson and Mihalynuk , 1993; Mihalynuk et al , 1994], remains unclear.…”

Section: Regional Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Northeast verging thrust faults and folds of the Foreland belt formed when terranes, including Cache Creek, Yukon–Tanana and Stikinia [ Gabrielse et al , 1991], converged with North America. Whether these terranes were originally far from the margin, as suggested by interpretations of faunal assemblages [e.g., Gabrielse et al , 1991] and paleomagnetic data [e.g., Irving et al , 1996], or whether they were relatively close to the margin, as suggested for some of them by stratigraphic studies [e.g., Nelson and Mihalynuk , 1993; Mihalynuk et al , 1994], remains unclear. During the latest Cordilleran activity, the accreted terranes were also involved in the deformation in a style similar to the Foreland belt, with northwest striking contractional structures forming across the width of the Cordillera [e.g., Evenchick , 1991a].…”

Section: Regional Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Precambrian crust beneath the Mesozoic northern Canadian Cordillera discovered by Lithoprobe seismic reflection profiling

et al. 2004

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The Cordillera in northern Canada is underlain by westward tapering layers that can be followed from outcrops of Proterozoic strata in the Foreland belt to the lowermost crust of the orogenic interior, a distance of as much as 500 km across strike. They are interpreted as stratified Proterozoic rocks, including ∼1.8–0.7 Ga supracrustal rocks and their basement. The layering was discovered on two new deep seismic reflection profiles in the Yukon (Line 3; ∼650 km) and northern British Columbia (Line 2; ∼1245 km in two segments) that were acquired as part of the Lithoprobe Slave‐Northern Cordillera Lithospheric Evolution (SNORCLE) transect. In the Mackenzie Mountains of the eastern Yukon, the layering in Line 3 is visible between 5.0 and 12.0 s (∼15 to 36 km depth). It is followed southwestward for nearly 650 km (∼500 km across strike) and thins to less than 1.0 s (∼3.0–3.5 km thickness) near the Moho at the Yukon‐Alaska international boundary. In the northern Rocky Mountains of British Columbia, the upper part of the layering on Line 2 correlates with outcrops of Proterozoic (1.76–1.0 Ga) strata in the Muskwa anticlinorium. At this location, the layering is at least 15 km thick and is followed westward then southward into the middle and lower crust for ∼700 km (∼300 km across strike). It disappears as a thin taper at the base of the crust ∼150 km east of the coast of the Alaskan panhandle. The only significant disruption in the layering occurs at the Tintina fault zone, a late to postorogenic strike‐slip fault with up to 800 km of displacement, which appears as a vertical zone of little reflectivity that disrupts the continuity of the deep layering on both profiles (∼300 km apart). The base of the layered reflection zone coincides with the Moho, which exhibits variable character and undulates in a series of broad arches with widths of ∼150 km. In general, the mantle appears to have few reflections. However, at the southwest end of Line 3 near the Alaska‐British Columbia border, a reflection dips eastward from ∼14.0 s to ∼21.0 s (∼45 to 73 km depth) beneath exposed Eocene magmatic rocks. It is interpreted as a relict subduction surface of the Kula plate. Our interpretation of Proterozoic layered rocks beneath most of the northern Cordillera suggests a much different crustal structure than previously considered: (1) Ancient North American crust comprising up to 25 km of metamorphosed Proterozoic to Paleozoic sediments plus 5–10 km of pre‐1.8 Ga crystalline basement projects westward beneath most of the northern Canadian Cordillera. (2) The lateral (500 km by at least 1000 km) and vertical (up to 25 km) extent of the Proterozoic layers and their internal deformation are consistent with a long‐lived margin for northwestern North America with alternating episodes of extension and contraction. (3) The detachments that carry deformed rocks of the Mackenzie Mountains and northern Rocky Mountains are largely confined to the upper crustal region above the layering. (4) Accreted terranes include thin klippen that were thrust ...

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Section: Regional Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Regional Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Regional Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Regional Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Regional Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Precambrian crust beneath the Mesozoic northern Canadian Cordillera discovered by Lithoprobe seismic reflection profiling

et al. 2004

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Microbial EPS‐mediated amorphous calcium carbonate–monohydrocalcite–calcite transformations during early tufa deposition

Broughton

2022

The Depositional Record

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The Holocene Wolfenden tufa deposit in south-eastern British Columbia, western Canada, preserves a unique record of the earliest stages of calcium carbonate deposition resulting from microbial extracellular polymeric substances-mediated precipitation of amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) with partial transformation to monohydrocalcite (MHC) and subsequently to nanocrystalline calcite. This is the first documentation of tufa mineralogy involving ACC transformation to MHC. Progressive dehydration triggered ACC-MHC-nanocrystalline calcite transformations on bryophytes, algae and cyanobacteria sheaths. The adsorption of extracellular polymeric substances matrix molecules into the ACC and ACC-MHC structures preserved polymorph mineralogy of incomplete transformation.How to cite this article: Broughton, P. L. ( 2023) Microbial EPS-mediated amorphous calcium carbonate-monohydrocalcite-calcite transformations during early tufa deposition.

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Structural control of bedrock river alignment and morphology in the Fraser Canyon, British Columbia, Canada

Curran,

Steelquist,

Larimer

et al. 2023

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Many rivers worldwide follow faults because they exploit bedrock damage that occurs in fault zones. However, there has been no quantitative investigation of how closely rivers follow specific faults within a fault zone. Analysis of the Fraser River in southwestern British Columbia reveals the degree of alignment of individual bedrock‐bound canyon reaches with lineaments of the Fraser River Fault. The alignment of the river at the regional scale is controlled by the Fraser River Fault zone, but individual canyons align with subsidiary faults that are visible in elevation data or predicted by the geometry and kinematics of the main fault. We hypothesize canyon reaches that deviate from faults were shifted by large episodic sediment input, creating epigenetic canyons.

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Geology of the Cordilleran Orogen in Canada

Cited by 50 publications

References 0 publications

Precambrian crust beneath the Mesozoic northern Canadian Cordillera discovered by Lithoprobe seismic reflection profiling

Precambrian crust beneath the Mesozoic northern Canadian Cordillera discovered by Lithoprobe seismic reflection profiling

Microbial EPS‐mediated amorphous calcium carbonate–monohydrocalcite–calcite transformations during early tufa deposition

Structural control of bedrock river alignment and morphology in the Fraser Canyon, British Columbia, Canada

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