Geology of the Fishtie deposit, Central Province, Zambia: iron oxide and copper mineralization in Nguba Group metasedimentary rocks

Hendrickson, Michael D.; Hitzman, Murray W.; Wood, David; Humphrey, John; Wendlandt, Richard F.

doi:10.1007/s00126-014-0570-z

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The discovery of the Kamoa deposit (Broughton and Rogers, 2010) located approximately 25 km west of the Kolwezi Mining District, where Cu mineralisation is hosted in the diamictite (Mwale Formation-Ng1.1, Table 1), has induced interest for the Nguba Group rocks. Similar style of mineralisation is also found at the Fishtie deposit in central north Zambia (Hendrickson et al, 2015) and at the Tenke Fungurume Mining District (TFMD), one of the largest Cu-Co mining districts in the Congo Copperbelt in the south-eastern part of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) (Schuh et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…Cu mineralisation within the Mwale Formation exhibits different features within the Congo-Zambia Copperbelt. At Kamoa, Cu mineralisation is associated with minor Zn (sphalerite) (Schmandt et al, 2013) whereas it is associated with iron oxide (magnetite) at Fishtie (Hendrickson et al, 2015). At Shanika, Cu mineralisation is low grade and not associated with other metals; however, hematite was locally observed in mineralised veins, mostly toward the top of the succession.…”

Section: Hydrothermal Alterationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the previous studies on the Katanga Supergroup diamictites focussed on detailed lithology, geochronology, stratigraphy, and very few on ore petrology (Batumike et al, 2006;Binda and Van Eden, 1972;François, 1973;Hendrickson et al, 2015;Key et al, 2001;Master et al, 2005;Master and Wendorff, 2011;Schmandt et al, 2013). Glaciogenic and glaciomarine deposits are interpreted as the main characteristic of the Mwale Formation in the Congo-Zambia Copperbelt, but they are also described in other Neoproterozoic diamictites such as in the West Congolian belt in the western part of DRC (Delpomdor et al, 2016), the Chuos Formation in Namibia (Le Heron et al, 2013), the Granville Formation in France and the Gaskiers Formation in Canada (Eyles, 1990), the Atud diamictite in Egypt and the Nuwaybah diamictite in Saudi Arabia (Ali et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lithology, petrography and Cu occurrence of the Neoproterozoic glacial Mwale Formation at the Shanika syncline (Tenke Fungurume, Congo Copperbelt; Democratic Republic of Congo)

Mambwe

Milan

Batumike

et al. 2017

Journal of African Earth Sciences

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The Mwale Formation that constitutes the base of the Nguba Group in the Neoproterozoic Katanga Supergroup has recently attracted renewed interest for copper mineral exploration. We present new field observations combined with detailed logging and petrography of MWAS0001 drill hole at Shanika syncline in the Tenke Fungurume Mining District. Our study has enabled us to subdivide the Mwale Formation into 7 distinct sequences. This succession is host to glaciogenic, glaciomarine, glaciofluvial and glaciolacustrine deposits. Glaciomarine beds are typically a deposit by debris flow in deep water marine environment, induced by basin wide tectonics and glaciation influence. Glaciofluvial beds were deposited in shallow water, fluvial deltaic environment. The glaciolacustrine environment is indicated by dropstones occurring in the laminated mudstone and rhythmites with dispersed clasts observed in the siltstone and conglomerate. These beds are interlayered within the glaciogenic beds, and are characterised by variable clast composition (felsic, mafic and metamorphic). The clasts are very poorly sorted, angular, rounded to moderately rounded, faceted or striated, and supported in a sandy argillaceous or mud matrix.Two main episodes of sulphide mineralisation are distinguished in the Mwale Formation. The diagenetic episode consists of disseminated euhedral and framboidal pyrites. The hydrothermal episode is associated with Mg-metasomatism and characterised by low grade copper mineralisation that occurs (i) in veins filled with carbonate-chlorite and carbonate-quartz-chlorite-Cu sulphides, such as chalcocite, chalcopyrite and bornite, and (ii) as disseminated sulphides within the host rock. This second episode is late to post-orogenic and can be correlated with late brittle tectonics within the Lufilian arc. The other alteration types include silicification and potassic alteration; however, these alterations are not associated with mineralisation.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Hydrothermal Alterationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lithology, petrography and Cu occurrence of the Neoproterozoic glacial Mwale Formation at the Shanika syncline (Tenke Fungurume, Congo Copperbelt; Democratic Republic of Congo)

Mambwe

Milan

Batumike

et al. 2017

Journal of African Earth Sciences

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“…The position of faults across the Domes Region and flanking the Kibaran Belt and Bangweulu Block are after Porada (1989) and Porada & Berhorst (2000). Diamictite thicknesses are from Binda & Van Eden (1972), Franc ßois (1993), Wendorff & Key (2009), Master & Wendorff (2011, Hendrickson et al (2015) and this study. the location of logged drill core, illustrated transects and outcrop sites referred to in this study.…”

Section: Geological Setting Of the Katanga Basin Democratic Republicmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…Diamictite thicknesses are from Binda & Van Eden (), François (), Wendorff & Key (), Master & Wendorff (), Hendrickson et al . () and this study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basinal setting and origin of thick (1·8 km) mass‐flow dominated Grand Conglomérat diamictites, Kamoa, Democratic Republic of Congo: Resolving climate and tectonic controls during Neoproterozoic glaciations

2018

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The Kamoa sub‐basin, in the south‐eastern part of the Democratic Republic of Congo, is a rift basin that hosts a world‐class stratiform copper deposit at the base of a very thick (1·8 km) succession of matrix‐supported conglomerates (diamictite) (Grand Conglomérat Formation) that has been interpreted by some as the product of deposition in the aftermath of a planet‐wide glaciation. Newly available subsurface data consisting of more than 300 km of drill core throws new light on the origin of diamictite and associated facies types, and their tectonic, basinal and palaeoclimatic setting. Initiation of rifting is recorded by a lowermost subaqueous succession of fault‐related mass flow conglomerates and breccias (the ‘Poudingue’) with interdigitating coeval and succeeding sandstone turbidites (Mwashya Subgroup). Overlying diamictites of the Grand Conglomérat were deposited as subaqueous debrites produced by mixing and homogenization of antecedent breccias and gravel from the Poudingue and Mwashya sediments with basinal muds. Failure of over‐steepened basin margins and debris flow was likely to be triggered by faulting and seismic activity, and was accompanied by syn‐depositional subaqueous basaltic magmatism recorded by peperites and pillow lavas within diamictites. The thickness of diamictites reflects recurring phases of faulting, volcanism and rapid subsidence allowing continued accommodation of rapidly deposited resedimented facies well below wave base. A distal or indirect, glacial influence in the form of rare dropstones and striated clasts is evident, but tectonically‐driven mass flow destroyed any primary record of glacial climate originally present in basin margin sediments. Such basin margin settings were common during Rodinia rifting and their stratigraphy and facies record a dominant tectonic, rather than climatic, control on sedimentation. Deposition occurred on tectonic timescales inconsistent with a Snowball Earth model for Neoproterozoic diamictites involving a direct glacial contribution to deposition.

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The Rand-Great Dyke-Copper Belt-Katanga mineral resources axis: blessing or curse for Southern Africa

Matsa,

Dzawanda,

Mupepi

et al. 2024

GeoJournal

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Geology of the Fishtie deposit, Central Province, Zambia: iron oxide and copper mineralization in Nguba Group metasedimentary rocks

Cited by 11 publications

References 40 publications

Lithology, petrography and Cu occurrence of the Neoproterozoic glacial Mwale Formation at the Shanika syncline (Tenke Fungurume, Congo Copperbelt; Democratic Republic of Congo)

Lithology, petrography and Cu occurrence of the Neoproterozoic glacial Mwale Formation at the Shanika syncline (Tenke Fungurume, Congo Copperbelt; Democratic Republic of Congo)

Basinal setting and origin of thick (1·8 km) mass‐flow dominated Grand Conglomérat diamictites, Kamoa, Democratic Republic of Congo: Resolving climate and tectonic controls during Neoproterozoic glaciations

The Rand-Great Dyke-Copper Belt-Katanga mineral resources axis: blessing or curse for Southern Africa

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