Geology of the Oman–United Arab Emirates Mountains

Searle, Mike

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-18453-7_3

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

References 45 publications

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“…The Kohistan Island Arc in turn is abducted on the rocks of the Indian Plate along the Indus suture Zone or Main Mantle Thrust (MMT) [l]. The metamorphism due to these tectonic activities provides a conducive environment for the mineralization of gems and ore minerals [1]. According to a report [2] submitted gemstone mining is done for a long time in GB, however, due to primitive and unscientific mining methods, the stones extracted are destroyed [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Preliminary Investigation of Gemstones, Mines,miners and Problems in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan

Alam,

Bano,

Rashid

et al. 2022

J. mt. area res.

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Gilgit-Baltistan possesses a complex history of crustal evolution and rich diversity of geological environments, and is favorable for various types of mineralization and production of gemstone all over GB. Two batholiths; Kohistan Batholith and Karakorum Batholith which are hosting gemstones mineralization. This investigation reveals that thirty-two precious and semi-precious stones are mined, 95% of the total gemstones produced in Pakistan come from GB. These varieties of gemstones come from 2150 mines which are in working conditions scattered all over GB and number of miners involved is 25000. Miners face problems like lighting, ventilation and drilling. They lack the basic safety equipment like helmets, mining shoes, gloves, googles and masks. Due to the fumes of explosives, miners are suffering from different diseases like Silicosis. The main gemstone-producing areas are Hunza valley, Sumayar (Nager Valley), Shengus and Haramosh (District Gilgit), Bulachi and Mir Malik (District Astore), Istak Nalah and Shiger Valley. The common gemstones mined are ruby, pargasite, spinel, corundum, sapphire, calcite, aquamarine, tourmaline, beryl, quartz, topaz, albite, microcline, apatite, fluorite, emerald, marganite, diopside, tanzanite, axinite, felsite, kunzite, emerald and garnet.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%