Geomagnetic field intensity changes in the Central Mediterranean between 1500 BCE and 150 CE: Implications for the Levantine Iron Age Anomaly evolution

Rivero-Montero, M.; Gómez‐Paccard, Miriam; Kondopoulou, D.; Tema, Evdokia; Pavón‐Carrasco, F. J.; Aidona, Elina; Campuzano, Saioa A.; Molina‐Cardín, Alberto; Osete, María Luisa; Palencia-Ortas, A.; Martín-Hernández, F.; Rubat-Borel, F.; Venturino, Marica

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116732

Cited by 20 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Nowadays, it is well known that the past geomagnetic field strength has exhibited numerous intense, short-lived (multidecadal) maxima at different times and locations (eg., Ben-Yosef et al, 2009;Shaar et al, 2011Shaar et al, , 2016among others). In Europe, several archeomagnetic studies conducted over the past few decades resulted in a refined description of geomagnetic field intensity changes over the last few millennia at regional scales (e.g., Genevey et al, 2016Genevey et al, , 2018Genevey et al, , 2019Gómez-Paccard et al, 2012, 2016Kovacheva et al, 2014;Rivero-Montero et al, 2021;Schnepp et al, 2020;Tema et al, 2010Tema et al, , 2012. These studies confirmed that several relative intensity maxima and minima were achieved in Europe over the past 2000 years but the specific pattern of oscillations is still a matter of debate (e.g., Kovacheva et al, 2014;Genevey et al, 2016;Gómez-Paccard et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…These experiments were performed in several samples per site in order to identify the main magnetic minerals carrying the thermoremanence of the samples as well as to evaluate their thermal stability. The laboratory procedures followed are similar to those described in detail in Rivero-Montero et al (2021). Rockmagnetic experiments include low-field magnetic susceptibility measurements, magnetic hysteresis and back-field isothermal remanence (IRM) curves, thermomagnetic curves, IRM acquisition curves, thermal demagnetization of orthogonal IRMs and First-Order Reversal Curves.…”

Section: Rock-magnetism Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The experimental procedures followed are similar to those applied in our recent study (Rivero-Montero et al, 2021). Between one and four specimens per sample (103 in total) were prepared at the paleomagnetic laboratory of the Complutense University of Madrid.…”

Section: Archeointensity Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Refining geomagnetic field intensity changes in Europe between 200 CE and 1800 CE. New data from the Mediterranean region

Rivero-Montero

Gómez‐Paccard

Pavón‐Carrasco

et al. 2021

Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors

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Absolute past geomagnetic intensity values can mainly be recovered by fired archaeological materials and volcanic rocks. Here, we present 10 new archeointensities from the Mediterranean region that help to better constrain geomagnetic field intensity changes in Europe over the last two millennia. The new archeointensity results were obtained from the Thellier classical method including thermoremanent magnetization (pTRM) checks and both the TRM anisotropy and cooling rate corrections and were derived from at least three specimens. The new data presented, together with a selection of previous archeointensities satisfying a set of quality criteria, confirm the presence of several intensity maxima in Europe over the last 2000 years. In particular, the new archeointensities allow to better define the starting point of the double-oscillation feature that occurred in Europe during the second half of the first millennium CE, and reinforce the existence of a relative maximum at the end of the 14th century -beginning of the 15th century in Western Europe. From selected European archeointensities two new paleosecular variation curves are constructed for Western and Eastern Europe using temporal cubic b-splines in a bootstrap approach. The obtained curves suggest that the occurrence of the intensity maxima is characterized by a period of about 300 ± 50 years. In addition, our results suggest that the maxima do not occur simultaneously in Western and Eastern Europe, pointing out an intensity eastward drift with a mean lag-time of about 100 years.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Rock-magnetism Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Refining geomagnetic field intensity changes in Europe between 200 CE and 1800 CE. New data from the Mediterranean region

Rivero-Montero

Gómez‐Paccard

Pavón‐Carrasco

et al. 2021

Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors

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“…In the Middle East, the first and highest maximum occurs around 1000 BC and its amplitude decreases rapidly toward Western Europe (see Hovmöller). This eastern maximum defines the beginning of the LIAA event (Ertepinar et al, 2020;Rivero-Montero et al, 2021;Shaar et al, 2017), one of the most important features of the past geomagnetic field. The Hovmöller diagram indicates that the LIAA event begins around 1000 BC at eastern longitudes (20°-40°E) whose amplitude vanishes westwards.…”

Section: Intensity Elementmentioning

confidence: 99%

SCHA.DIF.4k: 4,000 Years of Paleomagnetic Reconstruction for Europe and Its Application for Dating

et al. 2021

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During the last decade, many efforts have been carried out to improve the paleomagnetic database for the Holocene and late Pleistocene epochs. The increase of paleomagnetic data has enabled to have a better knowledge of the spatial and temporal variations of the ancient Earth's magnetic field over the last 100 kyr (Panovska et al., 2019). For the last millennia, the most accurate paleomagnetic information comes from studies performed in archaeological structures and lava flows, since they have recorded snapshots of the past geomagnetic field owing to a thermoremanent magnetization (TRM). These kind of data, named in this work as TRM data, are used to reconstruct the past field (or paleofield) at different spatial scales: from local by determining paleosecular variation (PSV) curves (

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“…10.1029/2021JB022614 3 of 19 directional and intensity variations during the first millennium BCE (e.g., Osete et al, 2020;Rivero-Montero et al, 2021;Tema et al, 2021). The Levantine Iron Age geomagnetic Anomaly (henceforth, LIAA; Shaar et al, 2017) is the most conspicuous field-feature during this time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Further Evidence of High Intensity During the Levantine Iron Age Anomaly in Southwestern Europe: Full Vector Archeomagnetic Dating of an Early Iron Age Dwelling From Western Spain

et al. 2021

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We report an archeomagnetic study from the Early Iron Age archeological site of Cerro de San Vicente (Salamanca, Spain). The studied materials were sampled from one roundhouse and its central fireplace, a surrounding burnt floor, and slags with a twofold objective. First, to archeomagnetically determine the last use of the central fireplace, because dating with other methods was imprecise. Second, to retrieve information about the Earth's magnetic field in Western Europe from a period when the Levantine Iron Age Anomaly (LIAA) has been occasionally reported. This study includes mineralogical, archeomagnetic directional analyses, and multimethod archeointensity determinations. Paleomagnetic analyses of the central fireplace yield a mean direction: declination D = 15.1°, inclination I = 52.5°; k = 477.1, and α95 = 5.6°. Archeointensity determinations yield a mean anisotropy‐corrected archeointensity of 72.4 ± 2.0 μT (74.7 ± 4.3 μT if a pTRM‐check correction is applied) on the central fireplace and 48.2 ± 2.0 μT on slags. A full‐vector archeomagnetic dating was performed with the SHA.DIF.4k geomagnetic field model which yielded an age interval of last use of the central fireplace between 644 and 575 BCE (654–575 BCE with the pTRM‐check corrected data) at 95% confidence level. This date agrees with the archeological context. Results allows to place the high paleointensity obtained near the maximum observed in Iberia at this age, confirming the existence of this peak related to the LIAA in Western Europe where records of this feature are still scarce.

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Geomagnetic field intensity changes in the Central Mediterranean between 1500 BCE and 150 CE: Implications for the Levantine Iron Age Anomaly evolution

Cited by 20 publications

References 46 publications

Refining geomagnetic field intensity changes in Europe between 200 CE and 1800 CE. New data from the Mediterranean region

Refining geomagnetic field intensity changes in Europe between 200 CE and 1800 CE. New data from the Mediterranean region

SCHA.DIF.4k: 4,000 Years of Paleomagnetic Reconstruction for Europe and Its Application for Dating

Further Evidence of High Intensity During the Levantine Iron Age Anomaly in Southwestern Europe: Full Vector Archeomagnetic Dating of an Early Iron Age Dwelling From Western Spain

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