Geometric engineering of organoid culture for enhanced organogenesis in a dish

Cartilage Lacuna‐Inspired Microcarriers Drive Hyaline Neocartilage Regeneration

“…However, the limited diffusion of nutrients and oxygen into the inner regions of the 3D scaffold causes the formation of the necrotic core with greatly reduced cell viability. [ 32 ] When the culture was extended beyond 14 days, the cells in both LHAMC and HAMC self‐organized into highly viable intestinal microtissue (Movie S2, Supporting Information). A larger interconnected microtissue was observed in LHAMC group, indicating that the microtissue in LHAMC continued to grow without necrosis or disintegration (Figure 2h,i and Figures S13 and S14, Supporting Information).…”

A vascularized crypt-patterned colon model for high-throughput drug screening and disease modelling

“…Close proximity of stroma to crypts facilitates bidirectional paracrine signalling. 14,16 These biochemical signals form a gradient maintaining the crypt niche and sustaining colon homeostasis. 7 As vascularization of crypt-patterned epithelium has yet to be achieved, we sought to incorporate perfusable microvasculature around the patterned crypts in the IFlowPlate384.…”

“…16 However, previous works on vascularized IBD organoids have been unable to differentiate between apical and basolateral cytokine expression. 14,16 Future studies could explore the effects of inflammatory cytokine addition to the apical and/or basal compartments of vascularized colon tissues. Applying inflammatory cytokines in different compartments may help de-couple the impact of epithelial injury from microbiome-related dysfunction and the impact of epithelial dysfunction from vasculature and immune cell dysregulation.…”

“…18 Most colon organoid cultures are also static, lacking apical or basal flow, as well as vasculature with supporting stromal cells. 16 Recent advances in microfluidic technology and 3D bioprinting now enable more precise control over the colon tissue geometry and microenvironment. 1,[19][20][21] Several groups have successfully biofabricated colon tissue with organoids or colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cell lines to form differentiated monolayers emulating in vivo colonic epithelium.…”

Compressive molding of engineered tissues via thermoresponsive hydrogel devices

“…14 A potential limitation in this hybrid approach is that the shape of the building block organoid is largely uncontrolled, which in turn limits the tissue patterns that can be created. While some techniques have been developed to influence organoid shape, [15][16][17] these strategies either leave embedded structures within the tissues, or will require modification of existing culture protocols which may unexpectedly affect organoid function. Here, we envision a strategy in which an organoid generated with current protocols can be compressively molded into a desired shape on demand, before being released for downstream processing in bioprinting applications.…”