“…Schwenke et al and Ibarali S reviewed measurement methodologies of multi-axis machine tool about identifying the value of geometric errors [30,31]. Based on these studies, geometric errors are characterized by these special measuring methods, such as laser interferometer measurement method [32,33], plane grating method [13], machine visual inspection method [34], artifact standard method [35], R-test measurement method [36], laser tracker measurement method [10,37], double ballbar (DBB) method [38], machining test method [39], and so on. However, some of these approaches are susceptible to range of measurement, such as DBB and plane grating method.…”