Geometric model for predicting the size and morphology evolution of multiparticle aggregates during simultaneous reaction and sintering

Modi, Sujit; Okonkwo, Onochie; Zhou, Hao; Kavadiya, Shalinee; Foston, Marcus; Biswas, Pratim

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2023.141423

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Considering the τ s estimated previously for the lignin is the same as the present study, the time for complete sintering of an agglomerate with five particles of 80 nm at 750 and 900 °C is around 8 and 6 s, respectively, which agrees well with the observed morphologies as the residence time used for these samples is 4.2 s. With a further increase in temperature (1050 °C, Figure d), no aggregates were observed, indicating complete sintering of aggregates. The τ s for the aggregates at 1050 °C is around 3 s (i.e., lower than the residence time), which supports the possibility of completed sintering . Interestingly, such high temperatures are also sufficient for aromatic recondensation reactions of gaseous lignin pyrolysis products to form PAHs.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Mechanism of lignin droplet evolution inside FuAR at different temperatures and residence times. Characteristic sintering time (τ s ) and reaction time (τ r ) are derived from Modi et al Characteristic collision time (τ c ) is estimated assuming monodispersed particle distribution and number concentration of 10 7 #/cm 3 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The τ s for the aggregates at 1050 °C is around 3 s (i.e., lower than the residence time), which supports the possibility of completed sintering. 37 Interestingly, such high temperatures are also sufficient for aromatic recondensation reactions of gaseous lignin pyrolysis products to form PAHs. The nucleation process to form secondary particles from PAHs is usually instantaneous (τ nucleation ≪ 1 s).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Reuse of Lignin to Synthesize High Surface Area Carbon Nanoparticles for Supercapacitors Using a Continuous and Single-Step Aerosol Method

Modi,

Okonkwo,

Saha

et al. 2023

ACS Nano

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There is a growing demand for the synthesis of high surface area carbons, also known as carbon nanoparticles (CNPs). Existing synthesis methods for high surface area carbons have limited environmental benignity and economic viability due to the requirement of multistep and batch processes and harsh activating and/or templating chemicals. Herein, we demonstrate the synthesis of high surface area CNPs from lignin, a waste byproduct, through a single-step, continuous gas phase aerosol technique without the use of activating or templating chemicals. This continuous approach requires significantly less time for synthesis: on the order of seconds in comparison to hours for conventional methods. Properties of carbon materials synthesized from lignin are controlled by temperature and residence time, and the role of these parameters inside the aerosol reactor on carbon nanoparticle size, morphology, molecular structure, and surface area is systematically investigated. Furthermore, the asobtained carbon nanoparticles are tested for specific capacitance, and the best-performing material (surface area 925 m 2 /g) exhibited a specific capacitance of 247 F/g at 0.5 A/g with excellent capacity retainment of over 98% after 10,000 cycles. This is a clear demonstration of their superior performance compared with supercapacitors synthesized earlier from lignin. Overall, the simple (single-step, continuous, and rapid) operation and the avoidance of the use of activating/templating chemicals make the aerosol technique a promising candidate for the scalable and sustainable synthesis of CNPs from lignin.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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