“…With more and more research on delay differential equations [1][2][3][4][5], it has been widely used in various fields, such as population research [6,7], epidemiology [8,9], electrodynamics [10,11], neural network system [12,13] and so on. As a special class of delay differential equations, differential equations with piecewise constant arguments (EPCA) are difficult to solve accurately because of their complex structure.…”