G. (1975A 52-year-old woman with a 14-year history of seropositive RA characterized by subcutaneous nodules and progressive unremitting synovitis in the shoulders, metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints, proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints, hips, knees, and metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints was admitted for metatarsal head resections. Nine months earlier intermittent clear drainage appeared in the space between the right 2nd and 3rd toes, at the plantar surface of the right 3rd metatarsal head, and along the medial surface of the left 1st metatarsal head. Cultures for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and fungi were sterile. X-rays showed extensive osteoporosis, erosions, and subluxations at the MTP joints (Fig. 1A). Surgery was deferred for 8 months because of suspected infection and the patient was treated with antibiotics; despite treatment, drainage continued. At the time of admission for surgery, examination of the right foot showed severe hallux valgus deformity with overriding of the 3rd toe and subluxation of all MTP joints; draining sinuses were present at the sites described above. Similar deformity was noted on the left with a single small draining sinus at the medial side of the 1st MTP. At surgery, cultures for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, fungi, and mycobacteria, obtained from superficial and deep regions of each meta-