Geometrical changes of knee ligaments and patellar tendon during passive flexion

Belvedere, Claudio; Ensini, Andrea; Feliciangeli, Alessandro; Cenni, Francesco; D’Angeli, V.; Giannini, Sandro; Leardini, Alberto

doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2012.05.029

Cited by 37 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The length and slack of each ligament throughout its range of motion were finely adjusted so that the length patterns of the ligaments were similar to those reported by a previous cadaver study (Fig. 2) (Belvedere et al, 2012).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 74%

Posterior tibial slope and femoral sizing affect posterior cruciate ligament tension in posterior cruciate-retaining total knee arthroplasty

Kuriyama¹,

Ishikawa²,

Nakamura³

et al. 2015

Clinical Biomechanics

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 74%

Posterior tibial slope and femoral sizing affect posterior cruciate ligament tension in posterior cruciate-retaining total knee arthroplasty

Kuriyama¹,

Ishikawa²,

Nakamura³

et al. 2015

Clinical Biomechanics

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“…All ligament bundles were modeled as nonlinear springs with material properties obtained from a published report [25]. We first adjusted the insertion point of each ligament, and then determined that the stiffnesses and lengths of the ligaments at each flexion angle were similar to those reported in the literature [22,[26][27][28][29]. The proximal attachment points of the LCL and MCL were defined as the most prominent points of the femoral epicondyles.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, we adjusted the attachment points of each ligament and their slack during weight-bearing deep knee flexion, so their lengths were similar to those reported in a previous cadaver study [29].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinematic alignment produces near-normal knee motion but increases contact stress after total knee arthroplasty: A case study on a single implant design

et al. 2015

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“…Here, the key goal is to quantify the physiological loading patterns of the healthy PCL during sport and activities of daily living. However, despite a number of in vitro [23–29], in vivo [30–33], and modelling [34–38] approaches to provide science based evidence, the normal loading conditions of the PCL are still controversially discussed [2, 5, 39]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given the hurdles associated with in vivo studies, current knowledge of PCL loading has mainly been based on in vitro cadaveric investigations [23, 25, 26, 28, 29, 49, 58–61]. Here, strain and force sensors combined with either mechanical jigs or robotic manipulators have proven to be successful approaches for investigating the PCL.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loading Patterns of the Posterior Cruciate Ligament in the Healthy Knee: A Systematic Review

et al. 2016

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BackgroundThe posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) is the strongest ligament of the knee, serving as one of the major passive stabilizers of the tibio-femoral joint. However, despite a number of experimental and modelling approaches to understand the kinematics and kinetics of the ligament, the normal loading conditions of the PCL and its functional bundles are still controversially discussed.ObjectivesThis study aimed to generate science-based evidence for understanding the functional loading of the PCL, including the anterolateral and posteromedial bundles, in the healthy knee joint through systematic review and statistical analysis of the literature.Data sourcesMEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRALEligibility criteria for selecting studiesDatabases were searched for articles containing any numerical strain or force data on the healthy PCL and its functional bundles. Studied activities were as follows: passive flexion, flexion under 100N and 134N posterior tibial load, walking, stair ascent and descent, body-weight squatting and forward lunge.MethodStatistical analysis was performed on the reported load data, which was weighted according to the number of knees tested to extract average strain and force trends of the PCL and identify deviations from the norms.ResultsFrom the 3577 articles retrieved by the initial electronic search, only 66 met all inclusion criteria. The results obtained by aggregating data reported in the eligible studies indicate that the loading patterns of the PCL vary with activity type, knee flexion angle, but importantly also the technique used for assessment. Moreover, different fibres of the PCL exhibit different strain patterns during knee flexion, with higher strain magnitudes reported in the anterolateral bundle. While during passive flexion the posteromedial bundle is either lax or very slightly elongated, it experiences higher strain levels during forward lunge and has a synergetic relationship with the anterolateral bundle. The strain patterns obtained for virtual fibres that connect the origin and insertion of the bundles in a straight line show similar trends to those of the real bundles but with different magnitudes.ConclusionThis review represents what is now the best available understanding of the biomechanics of the PCL, and may help to improve programs for injury prevention, diagnosis methods as well as reconstruction and rehabilitation techniques.

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Geometrical changes of knee ligaments and patellar tendon during passive flexion

Cited by 37 publications

References 42 publications

Posterior tibial slope and femoral sizing affect posterior cruciate ligament tension in posterior cruciate-retaining total knee arthroplasty

Posterior tibial slope and femoral sizing affect posterior cruciate ligament tension in posterior cruciate-retaining total knee arthroplasty

Kinematic alignment produces near-normal knee motion but increases contact stress after total knee arthroplasty: A case study on a single implant design

Loading Patterns of the Posterior Cruciate Ligament in the Healthy Knee: A Systematic Review

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