Geometrically nonlinear model of piezoelectric wind energy harvesters based on vortex-induced vibration and galloping

Abstract

The interaction between vortex-induced vibration (VIV) and galloping could enhance the performance of wind energy harvesters. Though VIV-galloping interaction may cause large amplitude wind-induced vibrations, the effects of geometrical nonlinearity were not considered in the modeling of VIV-galloping interactive piezoelectric wind energy harvesters (PWEHs). In this work, based on the extended Hamilton’s principle, a geometrically nonlinear model (GNM) of cantilevered PWEHs with VIV-galloping interaction was derived. The model includes both the transverse and axial aerodynamic forces, and considers the effect of the rotation of the bluff body on the aerodynamic forces. The aerodynamic coefficients were extracted by a piecewise polynomial fitting in a relatively large range of angle of attack for the square cross-sectional bluff body. Two flexible PWEH prototypes were fabricated and tested in a small wind tunnel to verify the proposed model. After the mechanical damping ratio of the low-coupling piezoelectric energy harvester prototypes were identified based on purely electrical measurements, the steady-state root mean square voltages of the prototypes with increasing wind speed were worked out using geometrically linear model (GLM) and the proposed GNM, respectively, and then compared with experiments. Both models can accurately predict the VIV-galloping interaction, but GNM is much more accurate than GLM at a relatively high wind speed. The proposed GNM provides a powerful tool to develop VIV-galloping interactive PWEHs.

Development and Prospect of Smart Materials and Structures for Aerospace Sensing Systems and Applications

“…In order to improve the energy harvesting efficiency under different conditions, Liu et al [ 39 ] studied the working mechanism of the energy harvester under different wind speeds and working conditions and proposed an optimization strategy. Li et al [ 40 ] proposed an energy harvesting model of galloping and vortex-induced vibration under geometric nonlinear factors and obtained a more accurate geometric nonlinear model of piezoelectric wind energy collector at higher wind speeds and verified it.…”

Research and Design of Energy-Harvesting System Based on Macro Fiber Composite Cantilever Beam Applied in Low-Frequency and Low-Speed Water Flow

“…However, 71% of the Earth’s surface is covered by oceans, and most natural water bodies have low-frequency and low-velocity water flows [ 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ]. Therefore, harnessing low-frequency and low-velocity water flows has been a persistent challenge.…”

Analysis of clamped-clamped piezoelectric energy harvester under vortex induced vibration considering the stretching effect

“…The literature review shows that the main element of piezoelectric energy harvesters are often a cantilever beam with a bluff body in its tip. Therefore, the nonlinear effect due to middle layer stretching effect has been neglected in the previous works (Abdelkefi et al, 2012;Akaydin et al, 2010;Dai et al, 2016;Ewere and Wang, 2014;Gao et al, 2013;Hou et al, 2020Hou et al, , 2022Jia et al, 2018;Li et al, 2022aLi et al, , 2022bLi et al, , 2023Ma et al, 2023;Mehmood et al, 2013;Rezaei and Talebitooti, 2019;Seyed-Aghazadeh et al, 2020;Skop and Griffin, 1973;Sui et al, 2022;Sun et al, 2019;Wang et al, 2020;Yang and He, 2019;Zhang et al, 2022;Zhang and Wang, 2016;Zhao et al, 2012Zhao et al, , 2016Zhao et al, , 2019.…”

“…The combination of both galloping and VIV phenomena for energy harvesting has been proposed recently in some works (Sun et al, 2019; Yang and He, 2019). Li et al considered the interaction between vortex-induced vibration (VIV) and galloping for a cantilever piezoelectric energy harvester considering the effects of geometrical nonlinearity (Li et al, 2022a).…”