Geometrically Stochastic FDTD Method for Uncertainty Quantification of EM Fields and SAR in Biological Tissues

Masumnia-Bisheh, Khadijeh; Forooraghi, Keyvan; Ghaffari‐Miab, Mohsen; Furse, Cynthia

doi:10.1109/tap.2019.2930171

Cited by 26 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The WBA-SARs of the child voxel models exceeded the fundamental restriction by no more than 20% (or 0.08 W/kg) for the entire environment, when the incident power density was adjusted to the reference level for every band of the ICNIRP's RF safety standards. Another example of a stochastic technique, known as GS-FDTD (geometrically stochastic finite-difference time-domain), to directly include the statistical fluctuations of model geometry into the FDTD approach was published in [116].…”

Section: For Peer Review 23 Of 33mentioning

confidence: 99%

Wireless Electromagnetic Radiation Assessment Based on the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR): A Review Case Study

et al. 2022

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Employing electromagnetic fields (EMFs) in new wireless communication and sensing technologies has substantially increased the level of human exposure to EMF waves. This paper presents a useful insight into the interaction of electromagnetic fields with biological media that is defined by the heat generation due to induced currents and dielectric loss. The specific absorption rate (SAR) defines the heating amount in a biological medium that is irradiated by an electromagnetic field value. The paper reviews the radio frequency hazards due to the SAR based on various safety standards and organisations, including a detailed investigation of previously published work in terms of modelling and measurements. It also summarises the most common techniques utilised between 1978 and 2021, in terms of the operational frequency spectrum, bandwidth, and SAR values.

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Section: For Peer Review 23 Of 33mentioning

confidence: 99%

Wireless Electromagnetic Radiation Assessment Based on the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR): A Review Case Study

et al. 2022

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“…Particularly, the proposed scheme is based on a D-H formulation and can be applied to general dispersive media of a single pole. Finally, the authors in [15] suggested an S-FDTD method that is able to assess geometrical variations in bioelectromagnetic problems.…”

Section: Literature Review Of Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Stochastic Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) Method for Assessing Material and Geometric Uncertainties in Rectangular Objects

2020

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The uncertainties present in a variety of electromagnetic (EM) problems may have important effects on the output parameters of interest. Unfortunately, deterministic schemes are not applicable in such cases, as they only utilize the nominal value of each random variable. In this work, a two-dimensional (2D) finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) algorithm is presented, which is suitable for assessing randomness in the electrical properties, as well as in the dimensions of orthogonal objects. The proposed technique is based on the stochastic FDTD method and manages to extract the mean and the standard deviation of the involved field quantities in one realization. This approach is applied to three test cases, where uncertainty exists in the electrical and geometrical parameters of various materials. The numerical results demonstrate the validity of our scheme, as similar outcomes are extracted compared to the Monte Carlo (MC) algorithm.

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“…Thus, RCS has been extensively employed and investigated by various countries and experts [ 19 , 20 , 21 ]. Different full-wave analysis methodologies have been introduced during RCS investigation, such as the method of moment (MoM) [ 22 , 23 , 24 ] and finite difference time domain (FDTD) [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]. In recent decades, high-frequency approximate methods have been introduced, such as geometrical optics [ 29 ], physical optical (PO) [ 30 , 31 ], geometric diffraction [ 32 , 33 ], consistent diffraction [ 34 ], equivalent current [ 35 , 36 ] and physical diffraction (PD) [ 37 , 38 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ARCS: Active Radar Cross Section for Multi-Radiator Problems in Complex EM Environments

Niu

Xie

et al. 2020

Sensors

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In order to analyze the scattering properties in multi-radiator problems, the active radar cross section (ARCS) concept is proposed under complex electromagnetic (EM) environments. The corresponding calculation methods and formulation are proposed by incorporating the monostatic radar cross section (RCS) concept with external disturbances. By introducing the phase characteristics into the ARCS concept, the coherent problems can be accurately solved. Through analyzing the external disturbance and the radar waves by employing the finite element method, the coherent and the incoherent characteristics of the external disturbance can be simulated in complex structures. Numerical examples and an experiment are carried out to further demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed ARCS concept. The results demonstrate that the proposed ARCS concept obtains better universality compared with the existing incoherent multi-radiator formulation. Meanwhile, the ARCS can be identical with the solution which is obtained by the single radar wave. Compared with the existing incoherent methods for external disturbances calculations, the proposed ARCS concept is more rational. Through the experiment, the effectiveness of the calculation method and formulation is further demonstrated and validated.

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Geometrically Stochastic FDTD Method for Uncertainty Quantification of EM Fields and SAR in Biological Tissues

Cited by 26 publications

References 19 publications

Wireless Electromagnetic Radiation Assessment Based on the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR): A Review Case Study

Wireless Electromagnetic Radiation Assessment Based on the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR): A Review Case Study

A Stochastic Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) Method for Assessing Material and Geometric Uncertainties in Rectangular Objects

ARCS: Active Radar Cross Section for Multi-Radiator Problems in Complex EM Environments

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