Géométrie morphologique des ailes des Acrididae (Orthoptera : Caelifera) : sexe, stridulation, caractère

Abstract

Summary. Geometric morphometrics of Acrididae wings (Orthoptera, Caelifera): sex, stridulation and character. Tegmina nervation of west palaearctic Acrididae was studied with two independent methods of morphometrics, in order to address adaptive characters toward stridulation and phylogenetic information. Geometric morphometrics dealt with eight landmarks located in the proximal region of tegmina, including median field. The relative width of every field was submitted to a PCA. It appears that sexual dimorphism for LM characterises the males of species producing a high intensity of stridulation (Gomphocerinae and Stethophyma grossum). Relatively to females, the males show wider areas (anterior and posterior subcostal, radial), linked to a distal migration of the split between anterior and posterior radial nervures, leading to a greater resonance surface width. The wide anterior cubital area is a deformation shared by Locustini tribe, and has no apparent adaptive value.Résumé. La nervation des élytres d'Acrididae de la région ouest paléarctique a été étudiée au moyen de 2 méthodes de morphométrie de manière à faire ressortir les caractères adaptatifs relatifs à la stridulation et les marqueurs de phylogénie. Huit Points de Repère (PR) situés dans la région proximale des élytres, incluant le champ médian, ont été considérés pour l'analyse de morphométrie géométrique. L'importance relative des champs a été appréhendée par ACP. Il apparaît que le dimorphisme sexuel des PR caractérise les espèces à stridulation de forte intensité chez le mâle (Gomphocerinae et Stethophyma grossum). Les mâles présentent par rapport aux femelles un élargissement des champs sous-costaux antérieur et postérieur, et du champ radial, lié à un déplacement distal de la bifurcation entre les radiales antérieure et postérieure, ce qui entraîne un élargissement de la surface de résonance. L'élargissement du champ cubital antérieur est une déformation propre à la tribu des Locustini et n'a pas de valeur adaptative apparente.

Integrating genomic and phenotypic data to evaluate alternative phylogenetic and species delimitation hypotheses in a recent evolutionary radiation of grasshoppers

“…In this sense, variables describing the morphological variation of the tegmina such as forewing length, median plate relative length or the first axis of forewing shape exhibited the highest between‐species variation for both sexes (λ > 0.75). Forewings are involved in several biological functions in Orthoptera such as sound production during courtship, flight and thermoregulation (Noguerales et al., ; Petit, Picaud, & Elghadraoui, ; Thomas et al., ); therefore, natural and sexual selection can be responsible of strong among‐species variation in this structure (Klingenberg, Debat, & Roff, ). Conversely, prozone length and pronotum shape showed on average low phylogenetic signal (0.30 < λ < 0.60), indicating the lower informativeness of these traits for delimiting taxa (Solís‐Lemus et al., ).…”

The role of environment and core‐margin effects on range‐wide phenotypic variation in a montane grasshopper

“…We indicate the main traits (veins and plates) used to define the position of the landmarks: Md , media vein; Cu , cubitus vein; Sc , subcosta vein; An1 and An2 , anal 1 and anal 2 veins, respectively. MP , median plate, delimited by media and cubitus veins (see Bethoux & Nel, ; Petit et al ., ).…”

“…Body size strongly correlates with life‐history and fitness‐related traits, and thus, it constitutes a key character and target of selection (Blanckenhorn, ; Whitman, ; Kanuch et al ., ). Forewings are strongly sclerotized structures involved in sound production and courtship rituals in Orthoptera (Petit et al ., ; Routtu et al ., ; Klingenberg et al ., ). FWL is considered a good proxy of dispersal ability (Thomas et al ., ; Simmons & Thomas, ; Heidinger et al ., ).…”

An Early Miocene bumble bee from northern Bohemia (Hymenoptera, Apidae)

“…Furthermore, forewing veins and their intersections are homologous among bees with three submarginal cells, like bumble bees (Ross 1936, Michener 2007). The method is rather robust at diagnosing and discriminating taxa at different levels ( e.g ., Pretorius 2005, Petit et al 2006, Sadeghi et al 2009, Francoy et al 2012, Perrard et al 2014), and has been employed successfully in palaeontological studies for evaluating the taxonomic affinities of otherwise difficult to determine fossils ( e.g ., Kennedy et al 2009, Michez et al 2009, Dehon et al 2014, 2017, Dewulf et al 2014, Perrard et al 2016). Moreover, several studies have demonstrated the application of forewing shape analyses for discriminating subgenera, species, and populations of bumble bees ( e.g ., Aytekin et al 2007, Wappler et al 2012, Barkan and Aytekin 2013).…”